Nancy Healy NNIN Education Coordinator Georgia Institute of Technology The National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network’s Education and Outreach Programs – Understanding Size and Scale Nancy Healy NNIN Education Coordinator Georgia Institute of Technology SPIE Baltimore 4/26/2012

NNIN – 14 Universities Serve as state-of the-art user facilities for nanoscale science and engineering researchers Users conduct independent research Funded by the National Science Foundation Award ECS0335765 SPIE Baltimore 4/26/2012

NNIN Education & Outreach Encouraging STEM Involvement Assisting Workforce Development NNIN E&O focuses on two primary areas. SPIE Baltimore 4/26/2012

Why Nano Education?? 0.8-0.9 million – US 0.5-0.6 million – Japan The NSF estimates that by the year 2015 there will be a need for 2 million workers worldwide in the fields of nanoscience and nanotechnology. 0.8-0.9 million – US 0.5-0.6 million – Japan 0.3-0.4 million – EU An additional 5 million workers will be needed in support areas for these fields By 2015, nanotechnology is expected to be a $2.5 trillion “industry” SPIE Baltimore 4/26/2012

Who are We Reaching? K-12 Community K-12 students K-12 teachers Lego activity at the University of Michigan K-12 Community K-12 students K-12 teachers Undergraduates Graduate Students, post-docs, faculty, and other professionals General Public ASME Nano Boot Camp at the University of Minnesota NNIN programs reached > 27,000 individuals in 2011 Network-wide/national programs and local programs SPIE Baltimore 4/26/2012

Understanding Size and Scale Nanoscale 1-100nm in one direction Differentiate Macro, micro, nano, atomic SPIE Baltimore 4/26/2012

What is a nano? A nano is one billionth of a meter or 10 -9 meters A normal person can walk 32km or ~ 20 miles in one day. If a person were shrunk so that they were 1nm tall, how long would it take for them to walk the length of a dollar bill? 24 years SPIE Baltimore 4/26/2012

How “big” is nano? A fingernail grows 1nm every second If you take a pen and put a dot on your hand it is about 1 million nm in diameter A sheet of paper is about 100,000 nanometers thick. A human hair is 60,000 – 80,000 nm wide Each bullet will click in one at a time. Ask question, give several students a chance to guess before providing the answer. You may want to hold up a dollar bill.

The Big Ideas of Nanoscale Science and Engineering: A Guidebook for Secondary Teachers Shawn Y. Stevens, LeeAnn M. Sutherland, and Joseph S. Krajick (NSTA Press, 2009) SPIE Baltimore 4/26/2012

Big Idea: Size and Scale Factors relating to size and geometry (e.g. size, scale, shape, proportionality, dimensionality) help describe matter and predicts its behavior SPIE Baltimore 4/26/2012

Size and Scale and NSES Standard B Physical Science (5-8) Properties and changes of properties in matter A substance has characteristic properties, such as density, a boiling point, and solubility, all of which are independent of the amount of the sample. A mixture of substances often can be separated into the original substances using one or more of the characteristic properties. (Comment on this standard: Properties have been shown to change as they approach the nanoscale where melting points, optical properties etc. change.) SPIE Baltimore 4/26/2012

Size and Scale and NSES Standard B Physical Science (9-12) Structure and properties of matter The physical properties of compounds reflect the nature of interactions among its molecules. These interactions are determined by the structure of the molecule, including the constituent atoms and the distances and angles between them. SPIE Baltimore 4/26/2012

Size and Scale Learning Goal 1 In order to know the size of an object, it is necessary to be able to compare it to a reference point SPIE Baltimore 4/26/2012

Worlds of Measurement SPIE Baltimore 4/26/2012 http://nanosense.org/activities/sizematters/sizeandscale/SM_Lesson2Student.pdf SPIE Baltimore 4/26/2012

Size and Scale Sorting activity SPIE Baltimore 4/26/2012

Size and Scale Activity Sorting images on a logarithmic line SPIE Baltimore 4/26/2012

Answers SPIE Baltimore 4/26/2012

Size and Scale Interactive http://www. mcrel SPIE Baltimore 4/26/2012

Interactives for Size and Scale http://www.nanoreisen.de/english/index.html cneu.psu.edu/edToolsActivities.html The Scale of the Universe Powers of 10 http://www.cellsalive.com/howbig.htm http://scaleofuniverse.com/ SPIE Baltimore 4/26/2012

Size and Scale Learning Goal 2 Some worlds are too small to be seen with the naked eye Micro-, nano-, and atomic/molecular worlds. Micro: single cells Nano: 1-100nm i.e. diameter of DNA (2nm) Atomic: <1nm i.e. hydrogen atom (0.1nm) SPIE Baltimore 4/26/2012

Big Idea – Tools and Instrumentation Development of new tools and instruments helps drive scientific progress. Recent development of specialized tools has led to new levels of understanding of matter by helping scientists detect, manipulate, isolate, measure, fabricate, and investigate nanoscale matter with unprecedented precision and accuracy. SPIE Baltimore 4/26/2012

Learning Goal 1 Specialized tools are required to detect, measure, and investigate the nanoscale world because structures on this scale are too small to be seen with optical microscopes. Scanning Electron Microscope SPIE Baltimore 4/26/2012

Tools & Instrumentation and NSES Standard E Science and Technology 5-8 and 9-12 Abilities of technological design Understanding about science and technology SPIE Baltimore 4/26/2012

How do we “see” nanoscale objects? Nanoscale is below the range of visible light so cannot use optical microscopes Special tools Scanning Probe Microscopy Atomic Force Microscope Scanning Electron Microscope SPIE Baltimore 4/26/2012

Tools that help us see micro and nano worlds SPIE Baltimore 4/26/2012

Tools that help us see micro and nano worlds Hitachi Tabletop SEM SPIE Baltimore 4/26/2012

Scale of objects lesson Have students create powers of ten Everyday objects Use a variety of magnifying instruments Hand lens, magnifying glass, USB scope, optical scope, SEM SPIE Baltimore 4/26/2012

SEM Butterfly Investigation from UCSB NNIN Site Description: The object is a part of a wing of a blue Morpho Butterfly. The top part is an iridescent blue while the underside is a brown shade. We will look at the blue side of the wing. Magnification: 10 X Magnification: 100 X Magnification: 1,000 X Magnification: 10,000 X SPIE Baltimore 4/26/2012

Using tools to see smaller scales http://www.mos.org/sln/sem/ tour04.html SPIE Baltimore 4/26/2012

SEM activities Matching Mystery Objects, USB scopes, and SEM images Provide to each group objects and images Use USB scope or magnifier to examine objects Match images Mystery Case histories, bags of evidence, use SEM to determine “evidence” against image library SPIE Baltimore 4/26/2012

SEM activities Matching Mystery Objects, USB scopes, and SEM images Provide to each group objects and images Use USB scope or magnifier to examine objects Match images Mystery Case histories, bags of evidence, use SEM to determine “evidence” against image library SPIE Baltimore 4/26/2012

SEM activities Summer camp Intro to SEM Using Hitachi TM3000 Each group will explore an object Different magnifications Create a PowerPoint on their interpretation of images (adopted from D. Leonard/Duke TIP) SPIE Baltimore 4/26/2012

Visit: http://www.education.nnin.org Thank you Visit: http://www.education.nnin.org SPIE Baltimore 4/26/2012