ABSTRACT Hydropower (from hydro, meaning water) is energy that comes from the force of moving water. The fall and movement of water is part of a continuous natural cycle called the water cycle. Energy from the sun evaporates water in the Earth’s oceans and rivers and draws it upward as water vapor. When the water vapor reaches the cooler air in the atmosphere, it condenses and forms clouds. The moisture eventually falls to the Earth as rain or snow, replenishing the water in the oceans and rivers. Gravity drives the water, moving it from high ground to low ground. The force of moving water can be extremely powerful. Hydropower is called a renewable energy source because the water on Earth is continuously replenished by precipitation. As long as the water cycle continues, we won’t run out of this energy source

Sources of Energy Renewable Sources Renewable Sources 1) Land 1) Land 2) Air 2) Air 3) Sky 3) Sky 4) Fire 4) Fire 5) Water 5) Water Non Renewable Sources Non Renewable Sources

What is Hydropower and Why there is its need ??? MEANING: MEANING: HISTORY: HISTORY: CURRENT SITUATION: CURRENT SITUATION:

SETUP for producing HYDROPOWER HYDRO-DAMS HYDRO-DAMS HYDROELECTRIC-PLANTS HYDROELECTRIC-PLANTS

HYDRO-DAMS

HYDROELECTRIC-PLANTS

Some Hydropower Projects in INDIA

Top10 largest Hydropower Projects AROUND THE GLOBE 1. Three Gorges Dam People’s Republic Of China 2. Itaipu Dam Brazil – Paraguay 3. Guri Venezuela 4. Tucurui Brazil Brazil 5. Grand Coulee United States United States 6. Longtan Dam People’s Republic Of China People’s Republic Of China 7. Kranoyarskaya Russia Russia 8. Robert – Bourassa Canada Canada 9. Churchill Falls Canada Canada 10.Bratskaya Russia Russia

Some New Researches And Technologies in this field Wing Waves Wing Waves Wing Waves Wing Waves America’s Premiere Wave Power Farm America’s Premiere Wave Power Farm America’s Premiere Wave Power Farm America’s Premiere Wave Power Farm Aquamarine Power Aquamarine Power Aquamarine Power Aquamarine Power Osmotic Power Plant Osmotic Power Plant Osmotic Power Plant Osmotic Power Plant Studying Sea Waves with Radar Studying Sea Waves with Radar Studying Sea Waves with Radar Studying Sea Waves with Radar Push Plates Push Plates Push Plates Push Plates Hydrokinetic Power Barges Hydrokinetic Power Barges Hydrokinetic Power Barges Hydrokinetic Power Barges Renewable Energy From Slow Water Currents Renewable Energy From Slow Water Currents Renewable Energy From Slow Water Currents Renewable Energy From Slow Water Currents Agucadoura Agucadoura Agucadoura

Wave power AWS' Archimedes Wave Swing, one of the few proven technologies worldwide for generating clean, renewable electricity from the ocean's waves. This leads to a technology which aims to establish Scotland as a world leader in marine energy. AWS' Archimedes Wave Swing, one of the few proven technologies worldwide for generating clean, renewable electricity from the ocean's waves. This leads to a technology which aims to establish Scotland as a world leader in marine energy.Archimedes Wave SwingArchimedes Wave Swing

WWWW iiii nnnn gggg W W W W aaaa vvvv eeee ssss - Power from SEA

Advantages of Wing Waves Clean and green way and also useful in desalinizing of sea water Clean and green way and also useful in desalinizing of sea water Protects sea life Protects sea life Power can be used on land directly by transferring cables from sea to land Power can be used on land directly by transferring cables from sea to land Proper maintenance could lead the life of wings up to 20 yrs. Proper maintenance could lead the life of wings up to 20 yrs. The wings will operate and generate power even if the sea is a bit calm. The wings will operate and generate power even if the sea is a bit calm. The wings will get locked automatically during hurricanes, when the sea is rough The wings will get locked automatically during hurricanes, when the sea is rough

Wave Power Farm Wave Power Farm

Aquamarine Power Aquamarine Power

Osmotic Power Plant Osmotic Power Plant

Radar Used in the predictions of direction of winds and formations of waves. Used in the predictions of direction of winds and formations of waves. Also could be used in the production of electricity Also could be used in the production of electricity utilizing the wind energy. utilizing the wind energy.

Push Plates Push Plates The Theme of Concept: Theme of concept is to harness the kinetic energy within the flow of water without using the conventional methods like water wheel or other types of turbines. With some changes this can be a source of producing clean energy from tidal waves. The Theme of Concept: Theme of concept is to harness the kinetic energy within the flow of water without using the conventional methods like water wheel or other types of turbines. With some changes this can be a source of producing clean energy from tidal waves.

Hydrokinetic Power Barges Hydrokinetic Power Barges Hydrokinetic energy which Hydrokinetic energy which generates power by using generates power by using submerged or partially submerged or partially submerged turbines that submerged turbines that harness the energy from harness the energy from flowing water -- is on the flowing water -- is on the rise throughout the world. rise throughout the world. Because hydrokinetic power generation relies simply on the extraction of energy from the natural velocity of water, these power systems can be placed into sources of flowing water with minimal infrastructure or environmental impacts. Because hydrokinetic power generation relies simply on the extraction of energy from the natural velocity of water, these power systems can be placed into sources of flowing water with minimal infrastructure or environmental impacts.

Slow Water CurrentsSlow Water Currents-Fish technology Slow Water Currents It is a device that acts like a fish that turns the potentially destructive vibrations in water into clean, renewable energy. This machine is named as VIVACE ( Vortex Induced Vibrations for Aquatic Clean Energy) It is a device that acts like a fish that turns the potentially destructive vibrations in water into clean, renewable energy. This machine is named as VIVACE ( Vortex Induced Vibrations for Aquatic Clean Energy)VIVACE ( Vortex Induced Vibrations for Aquatic Clean Energy)VIVACE ( Vortex Induced Vibrations for Aquatic Clean Energy)

Agucadoura Portugal built Agucadoura, the world's first wave farm off its coast. This wave farm has three Wave Energy Converters which are producing a total of 2.25MW. Portugal built Agucadoura, the world's first wave farm off its coast. This wave farm has three Wave Energy Converters which are producing a total of 2.25MW.AgucadouraWaveAgucadouraWave

REFERENCES Internet Internet Hydraulic Mechanics and machines-R.K BANSAL Hydraulic Mechanics and machines-R.K BANSAL Hydraulics Machine – S.l.Dixion Hydraulics Machine – S.l.Dixion Hydraulics by - P.K.Nag Hydraulics by - P.K.Nag