Joy Kirchner James Madison June 14, OPENNESS: CONTRIBUTE, ACCESS, USE ACRL Scholarly Communications Roadshow: From Understanding to Engagement

 Understand the conceptual underpinnings of open movements  Understand what the open access and public access movements are  Identify current events within the open and public access movements  Identify other open movements LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Open to contributions and participation Open and free to access Open to use & reuse w/few or no restrictions Open to indexing and machine readable WHAT DO WE MEAN BY OPEN?

PARTICIPATE in BUILDING and CONTRIBUTE EXPERTISE

AS OPPOSED TO…

OPEN and FREE TO ACCESS

AS OPPOSED TO…

OPEN TO USE and REUSE WITH FEW or NO RESTRICTIONS

AS OPPOSED TO…

OPEN TO MACHINE READING, INDEXING, and PROCESSING

AS OPPOSED TO…

 Generally enabled by technology  Works both inside and outside of traditional models  Supported by a variety of business models COMMONALITIES

OPEN MOVEMENTS  Open access  Public access  Open source  Open education  Open data  Open science  Open books  Open peer review….

Open access literature is digital, online, free of charge, and free of most copyright and licensing restrictions. - Peter Suber OPEN ACCESS

 Gratis: You can read it for free. Anything else, you better ask permission.  Libre: With credit given, OK to text-mine, re- catalog, mirror for preservation, quote, remix, whatever.  Most OA is gratis. You get to “libre” via Creative Commons licensing, usually. (text from Dorothea Salo) GRATIS VS. LIBRE

1) Open Access publishing 2) Author self-archiving 2.5) Hybrid open access publishing TWO (AND A HALF) ROADS TO OPEN ACCESS

2.5 PATHS TO OPEN ACCESS MANUSCRIPT …. Open Access journal (PLOS Medicine; BioMedCentral, DOAJ ) Open access copy in online archive (IR; Pubmed Central) Traditional subscription access journals Articles can be made OA by publishing in an OA journal or self archiving OA copies from a traditional publication gold New Models of Scholarly Publishing Green - ARCHIVING HYBRIDHYBRID $$

 Has taken time for impact factors and reputation to build  Business models still emerging  Author-pays model has better traction in the STM community  Grant funds common source of fees  Can COPE funds redress the balance for fields with fewer grants? OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING ISSUES AND QUESTIONS

 Sustainability sometimes an issue  Participation of faculty (particularly for institutional)  Discipline based repositories often rooted in cultures used to sharing  Often include a range of material including student work, grey literature, theses and dissertations, etc.  For published literature, confusion over what can be deposited (post print, pre print, published version?)  Copyright & contract issues murky and (often) frustrating OPEN ACCESS ARCHIVING ISSUES AND QUESTIONS

HYBRID MODELS PublisherPriceNotes Elsevier Sponsored Article$3,000 Some journals ( In 2011, 959 Elsevier articles were sponsored and published.) Oxford Open$3,000Some journals; lower price if author is from a developing country Springer Open Choice$3,000All journals; allows CC-BY licensing American Chemical Society AuthorChoice $1,000 – 3,000Lowest price if institution subscribes & have personal membership Plant Physiology$1,500/ $500 / Free OA free for members of ASPB; Discount if non-member but institution subscribes

PEERJ MODEL

Public should have ready and easy access to taxpayer funded research Many legislative efforts in US to halt and expand this. PUBLIC ACCESS MANDATES

 Office of Science and Technology Planning of the White House:  Request for Information on Public Access to Peer-Reviewed Scholarly Publications Resulting From Federally Funded Research  Request for Information: Public Access to Digital Data Resulting From Federally Funded Scientific Research  Out of the COMPETE act  Continuing anger over Research Works Act - H.R (now withdrawn) -  Federal Research Public Access Act ( S.1373 and HR 5037)  Federal agencies with annual extramural research expenditures over $100 million make manuscripts of journal articles stemming from research funded by that agency publicly available  Harvard Memo: group group CURRENT ACTIVITY

Harvard (Faculty of Arts and Sciences, College of Law) MIT Kansas Oberlin Duke And others… INSTITUTIONAL OPEN ACCESS POLICIES

OPEN EDUCATION

OPEN CONTENT – MIT VISUALIZING CULTURES

OPEN BOOKS

OPEN PEER REVIEW

 Increasing attention to digital scholarship, esp. in Humanities  Text mining, visualization and historical reconstruction  Meta-reflection on how digital environment changes interaction with culture  Projects open by nature and by intention  Inevitable raise issue of evaluation in way alternative publication has not  MLA “Guidelines for Evaluating Work in Digital Humanities and Digital Media” DIGITAL SCHOLARSHIP AND P&T

 Open access to data not just papers  The rate of discovery is accelerated by better access to data  Actionable data  Funder mandates around management and sharing of data (in some cases) OPEN DATA

OPEN SCIENCE

momentum from researchers and funders “Knowledge is power....Making our knowledge widely and readily available will empower others to come up with solutions to the world’s toughest problems. Our new Open Access policy is the natural evolution for a World Bank that is opening up more and more.” Quoting World Bank president:

momentum from researchers and funders

momentum from students

21 ST CENTURY COLLECTIONS  Multiple strategies for ensuring broad access to knowledge  Variety of “containers” to support digital content  Shift from Institution centric collections to a user-centric collection in a networked world.

21 ST CENTURY COLLECTIONS “21 st century collection management requires a shift from thinking of collections as products to understanding collections as components of the academy’s knowledge resources.” ARL Steering Committee on Transforming Research Libraries – articulation of new landscape of collections – representatives from Duke, Berkeley, Minnesota, Calgary, UCLA

LIBRARY DIGITIZATION EFFORTS - Partnerships (Hathi Trust) in digitization, open access, preservation King, Williiam, Horace, Lister, Martin, Apicius Lintot, Bernard, The art of cookery, : in imitation of Horace's Art of poetry. With some letters to Dr. Lister, and others: occassion'd principally by the title of a book publish'd by the doctor, being the works of Apicius Coelius, concerning the soups and sauces of the ancients. With an extract of the greatest curiosities contain'd in that book. To which is added Horace's Art of poetry, in Latin / by the author of the Journey to London. Humbly inscrib'd to the Honourable Beef Steak Club 29 London: : Printed for Bernard Lintott..., [1712?]

internet creation publication dissemination reformulation Publishers editor Peer-reviewers Libraries Disaggregation of traditional system is in process…

Peter Suber - Open Access Overview: Directory of Open Access Journals: Registry of Open Access Repositories: Sherpa/Romeo Publisher Copyright Policies and Self-Archiving: RESOURCES

Slide 14: Text used from Dorothea Salo’s “Open Sesame” Presentation at movements movements Slide 15: “The winding roads of Spain” by SKI Tripper, CC-BY, Slide 25: Public Slide 26: Harvard Widener Library Screenshots used under fair use. Except noted all photos used under a Creative Commons 3.0 Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 license. This work was created by Sarah L. Shreeves and Molly Kleinman and last updated on April 26, This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 United States License. To view a copy of this license, visit nc-sa/3.0/us/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 171 Second Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California, 94105, USA. ATTRIBUTION