DEMOCRACY AND PRIVATE PROPERTY: GOVERNANCE OF A THREE PARTY PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP Sven-Olof Collin & Elin Smith

Traditional form for youth riding in Sweden MUNICIPALITY PUBLIC ASSOCIATION

Emerging form for youth riding in Sweden MUNICIPALITY PUBLIC ASSOCIATION PRIVATE ENTREPRENEUR

PPP with three partners Recipe for success? A network of joint action No goal congruence Ideological similarities

Method Inductive analysis of three MAPs The city riding school The town riding school The country riding school All including a private riding school, a non-profit association, and a municipality

Case 1 - the City riding school Established close to the capital Finances a recreation leader No active governance Closely managed by the family, innovative Owns 50 horses, rent the establishment Well organised, high quality on riding lessons Good communication with the municipality, but no intense relationship Planning an enlargement 800 members Offers funs and different horse- related activities A place to hang out at

Established outside a middle- sized town Supportive when the association has had financial problems Approved to and partly financed today’s establishment Finances a recreation leader Owns 50 horses Rent the stables and arenas from the association A strict contract with the association, she offers the service of riding, nothing else Founded in 1919, changed location five times Many discussions with the municipality Known for arranging larger competitions Overall governor and has managed to include a set of different private firms on an attractive establishment Owns the establishments Case 2 - the Town riding school

Established on the countryside outside the capital of Sweden A good co-operation between the municipality and the owner of the riding school Recently financed a riding-track, the municipality financed it – the man build it 400 members Arranges competitions and other activities for the members. The owner has a lot of insight in their activities Owned by a devoted family, especially the man During 30 years rented the establishment including stables and arena, private house, garages from the municipality Flexible in the offered riding activities Not only riding school, also a machinery park with repair shop, biggest customer is the municipality Case 3 - the Country riding school

Analysis Important factors for the variety of the MAPs: The relationship between the three partners The entrepreneurial capacity of the riding school manager The market conditions

Conclusions > Private entrepreneur adapt to market conditions > Municipality have adaptive governance strategy, mainly due to market conditions > Entrepreneurial capacity influenced by governance strategy and market conditions > Separating business operation from association to entrepreneur increases democratic fostering

Adaptive strategy > Formalisation (standardised or dynamic) > Resource distribution > Distribution of property rights

Efficient PPPs MUNICIPALITY PUBLIC ASSOCIATION PRIVATE ENTREPRENEUR Governance strategy Business orientation