Middle Ages Notes #3

I. Feudalism A.The decline of Roman influence in Western Europe left people with little protection against invasion, so they entered into feudal agreements with land-holding lords who promised them protection.

I. Feudalism B. By the 900s AD most Europeans were governed by small, local, independent leaders, most often by local lords (nobles). C. The political organization these leaders represented is known as feudalism.

II. The Feudal System A.A powerful noble or king with a lot of land grants a smaller piece of land to a lesser noble. 1. Lesser noble uses the land, but could not own the land. 2. In return, the lesser noble promised loyalty, military assistance, and other services to the lord who granted the land. LAND LOYALTY

FeudalismFeudalism

Feudal society

II. The Feudal System B. The grant of land to the lesser noble was known as a fief. 1. The lesser noble who received this fief was known as a vassal. 2. The vassal could further divide this land he had been granted and grant it to others. 3. Thus the vassal could also be a lord.

II. The Feudal System C. Feudal obligations 1. Homage – ceremony in which a vassal pledged to perform certain duties in return for a fief. 2. Served on the lord’s court 3. Contributed funds

II. The Feudal System C. Feudal obligations 4. Protection (Knights) a. A nobleman’s son began training for knighthood at age 7 as a page, then a squire at age 15 and a knight as an adult. b. Chivalry – fight fair, be brave, defend the church, keep promises, treat women of noble birth kindly.

The Road to Knighthood KNIGHT SQUIRE PAGE

Chivalry: A Code of Honor and Behavior

III. Manorial Life A. Manors 1. Were large farming estates that included manor houses, farmed land, woodlands, pastures, fields, and villages.

The Medieval Manor

III. Manorial Life A. Manors 2. Central authority and trade were nonexistent during the Middle Ages. a. People on manors needed to be self-sufficient. b. All food, clothing, and shelter had to be produced on the manor. c. Some items such as iron, salt, wool, wine, and certain manufactured goods had to be purchased.

III. Manorial Life DUE TO INCREASE INVASIONS, THE LORD’S MANOR HOUSE WOULD DEVELOP INTO A STONED FORTRESS CALLED A CASTLE.

III. Manorial Life A. Manors 3. A lord and several peasant families shared the land of the manor. a. The lord kept 1/3 of the land. b. The peasants farmed the other 2/3 of the land c. In return, the peasants gave the lord some of their crops and helped the lord farm his land.

III. Manorial Life The lord - 1/3 The peasants 2/3

IV. Peasant Life A. Peasants were called serfs.

IV. Peasant Life A. Peasants were called serfs. 1. Could not leave the land without permission of the lord. 2. Diet consisted of bread, lentils, some vegetables, and ale. a. Because livestock was used to work the fields and serfs were forbidden from hunting on the lord’s land, they rarely ate meat. 3. Short life spans for serfs due to poor diet, disease, and warfare.

IV. Peasant Life

DATABASE TERMS PART 3 FOR QUIZ 14. Fief15. Vassal 16. Homage17. Knights 18. Manors19. Self-Sufficient 20. Serfs