Anatomy of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes Prokaryotic Cell Structure Cell size, shapes, and arrangements Parts of a Prokaryotic Cell Glycocalyx: slime layer.

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Anatomy of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes Prokaryotic Cell Structure Cell size, shapes, and arrangements Parts of a Prokaryotic Cell Glycocalyx: slime layer or capsule Fimbriae and sex pilus, flagella Cell wall and plasma membrane (g+, g-, mycobacteria, archaebacteria) Plasma membrane and material transport; osmosis Nuclear Area (Nucleoid), Plasmids, Ribosomes Endospores Eukaryotic Cell Structure Cytoplasm (open streets and city squares) Nucleus (library) Ribosomes (construction factories) Internal membrane System: ER, Golgi, Lysosomes Mitochondria (power station) Chloroplasts (food synthesis factory) Cytoskeleton (pulling ropes,& lumber)

Plasma or Cell Membrane Figure 4.14a

Types of Transport Across a Selectively Permeable Cell Membrane

Osmosis and Water Balance in Cells Osmosis is the passive transport of water across a selectively permeable membrane. Water moves across a membrane from high concentration (high purity) to low concentration (low purity)

Figure 4.18c-e Osmosis: Water Moving From High Purity to Low Purity Bacterial growth media is made to be isotonic with cells ( ~ 1% dissolved substances) (outside)

Anatomy of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes Prokaryotic Cell Structure Cell size, shapes, and arrangements Parts of a Prokaryotic Cell Glycocalyx: slime layer or capsule Fimbriae and sex pilus, flagella Cell wall and plasma membrane (g+, g-, mycobacteria, archaebacteria) Plasma membrane and material transport; osmosis Nuclear Area (Nucleoid), Plasmids, Ribosomes Endospores, Cytoskeleton Eukaryotic Cell Structure Cytoplasm (open streets and city squares) Nucleus (library) Ribosomes (construction factories) Internal membrane System: ER, Golgi, Lysosomes Mitochondria (power station) Chloroplasts (food synthesis factory) Cytoskeleton (pulling ropes,& lumber)

Inclusions and Other Membranes Figure 4.6a Inclusion Nucleoid (Nuclear Area) Plasmid

Ribosomes Figure 4.19 Ribosomes from eukaryotes are larger and constructed differently

Metachromatic granules (phosophate) Polysaccharide granules Lipid inclusions Sulfur granules Carboxysomes Thylakoids/photsynthetic membranes Gas vacuoles Magnetosomes Intracellular Membranes and Inclusions

Figure 4.21a Endospore Formation Endospores are heat-resistant, UV resistant, and chemically resistant

Bacterial Cell Walls Include Scaffolding Proteins (Cytoskeleton) Proteins similar to actin in eukaryotes help in expanding the peptidoglycan during bacterial growth by acting as scaffolds

Anatomy of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes II Prokaryotic Cell Structure Cell size, shapes, and arrangements Parts of a Prokaryotic Cell Glycocalyx: slime layer or capsule Fimbriae and sex pilus, flagella Cell wall and plasma membrane (g+, g-, mycobacteria, archaebacteria) Plasma membrane and material transport; osmosis Nuclear Area (Nucleoid), Plasmids, Ribosomes Endospores, Cytoskeleton Eukaryotic Cell Structure Cytoplasm (open streets and city squares) Nucleus (library) Ribosomes (construction factories) Internal membrane System: ER, Golgi, Lysosomes (Construction & shipping) Mitochondria (power station) Chloroplasts (food synthesis factory) Cytoskeleton (pulling ropes,& lumber)

Comparison of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Greater Size, Complexity, and Nucleus in Eukaryotes Figure 4.22b

Figure 4.21a Eukaryotic Cells:Protists, Plants, Animals, & Fungi Cell wall (if present)

Anatomy of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes Prokaryotic Cell Structure Cell size, shapes, and arrangements Parts of a Prokaryotic Cell Glycocalyx: slime layer or capsule Fimbriae and sex pilus, flagella Cell wall and plasma membrane (g+, g-, mycobacteria, archaebacteria) Plasma membrane and material transport; osmosis Nuclear Area (Nucleoid), Plasmids, Ribosomes Endospores Eukaryotic Cell Structure Cytoplasm (open streets and city squares) Nucleus (library) Ribosomes (construction factories) Internal membrane System: ER, Golgi, Lysosomes Mitochondria (power station) Chloroplasts (food synthesis factory) Cytoskeleton (pulling ropes,& lumber)