1 st International Precipitation WG Workshop, Madrid, Spain 23 – 27 Sep 2002 Earth Sciences Division European Contribution to the Global Precipitation Mission (EGPM) A new ESA Earth Explorer Opportunity Mission Paul Ingmann and Pedro Baptista Earth Sciences Division ESA/ESTEC Noordwijk/NL

1 st International Precipitation WG Workshop, Madrid, Spain 23 – 27 Sep 2002 Earth Sciences Division The Elements of ESA’s EO Programme Individual Optional Missions  METEOSAT and METEOSAT Second Generation (MSG) - with EUMETSAT  ERS-2  ENVISAT  METOP - with EUMETSAT Covered by the Earth Observation Envelope Programme  Earth Explorer and Earth Watch Missions

1 st International Precipitation WG Workshop, Madrid, Spain 23 – 27 Sep 2002 Earth Sciences Division Earth Observation Future Missions Earth WatchEarth Explorer Core Missions Opportunity Missions larger missions, ESA led < 400 MEURO smaller, faster missions, not necessarily ESA led < 110 MEURO research oriented, also demonstration of new observation techniques operational, service oriented, or monitoring missions The Earth Explorer Missions

1 st International Precipitation WG Workshop, Madrid, Spain 23 – 27 Sep 2002 Earth Sciences Division CRYOSAT Phases C/D/E1 started Launch 2004 Opportunity-1 SMOS Extended Phase A ongoing Launch 2005 Opportunity-2 GOCE Phases C/D/E1 started Launch 2006 Core-1 ADM/Aeolus Lidar pre-development on-going Phase B started in July 2002 Launch 2007 Core-2 Current Situation of the Earth Explorer Missions  Homepage:

1 st International Precipitation WG Workshop, Madrid, Spain 23 – 27 Sep 2002 Earth Sciences Division  Three Earth Explorer Core Mission Concepts selected for Phase A study: EarthCARE – Earth clouds aerosol and radiation explorer SPECTRA – surface processes and ecosystems changes through response analysis WALES - water vapour lidar experiment in space The Earth Explorer Core Missions: 2 nd Cycle

1 st International Precipitation WG Workshop, Madrid, Spain 23 – 27 Sep 2002 Earth Sciences Division EarthCARE Science Objectives EarthCARE has been specifically defined with the scientific objectives of determining for the first time, in a radiatively consistent manner, the global distribution of vertical profiles of cloud and aerosol field characteristics to provide basic essential input data for numerical modelling and global studies of: divergence of radiative energy, aerosol-cloud-radiation interaction, vertical distribution of water and ice and their transport by clouds, the vertical cloud field overlap and cloud-precipitation interactions. The Earth Explorer Core Missions Core elements: cloud radar, backscatter lidar plus MSI, BBR, FTS

1 st International Precipitation WG Workshop, Madrid, Spain 23 – 27 Sep 2002 Earth Sciences Division First active humidity profiler in space To determine profiles of water vapour accurately and at high vertical resolution from space with global coverage The Earth Explorer Core Missions WALES Science Objectives CORE ELEMENT: Nadir-viewing water vapour DIfferential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) System

1 st International Precipitation WG Workshop, Madrid, Spain 23 – 27 Sep 2002 Earth Sciences Division Background to EGPM EuroTRMM: Participants EuroTRMM co-funded by European Commission and European Space Agency. Data ‘Processors’: CETP/CNRS (F)Radar (PR) algorithms, airborne campaigns and validation IFA (I)Radiometer (TMI) algorithms DLR (D)Radiometer (TMI) algorithms U. Munich (D)Imager (VIRS) algorithms Univ. Essex (UK)Volume scattering, ground-based radar algorithms UCL (B)Sea-surface scattering RAL (UK)Ground-based radar validation data GPCC/DWD (D)Ground-based rain-gauge data Data Users: ECMWFData assimilation MPI (D)Convection scheme (regional model)

1 st International Precipitation WG Workshop, Madrid, Spain 23 – 27 Sep 2002 Earth Sciences Division EuroTRMM: Work Structure Data User Requirements ECMWF Scattering Models UCL & U. Essex Field Campaigns CETP &RAL Adaptation & validation of existing algorithms CETP, DLR, IFA & U. Munich Development & validation of synergetic algorithms CETP, DLR, IFA & U. Munich Rain-gauge data GPCC & MPI

1 st International Precipitation WG Workshop, Madrid, Spain 23 – 27 Sep 2002 Earth Sciences Division EuroTRMM: Work Structure (cont.) Development & validation of convection schemes (regional models) MPI Production & delivery of TRMM precipitation fields for validation CETP & IFA Assimilation of TRMM precipitation data ECMWF Development & validation a new SSM/I algorithm for climatological applications DLR Data

1 st International Precipitation WG Workshop, Madrid, Spain 23 – 27 Sep 2002 Earth Sciences Division EuroTRMM: Conclusions ECMWF will start operational data assimilation in 2003 Impact of the assimilation of TRMM rain rates on ECMWF forecasts for tropical wind at 850 hPa Same impact as the one obtained by doubling the resolution of the model

1 st International Precipitation WG Workshop, Madrid, Spain 23 – 27 Sep 2002 Earth Sciences Division EGPM and EuroTRMM EuroTRMM has proven very useful for the exploitation of TRMM data EuroTRMM has been an essential building block in preparation of EGPM Members of EuroTRMM team proposed EGPM to ESA Key members of EuroTRMM are also members of the EGPM-MAG  Ensures continuity

1 st International Precipitation WG Workshop, Madrid, Spain 23 – 27 Sep 2002 Earth Sciences Division  25 Earth Explorer Opportunity Mission Concepts submitted (by early 2002) Addressing all Earth science disciplines including atmospheric chemistry, physics, land, ocean/ice. Evaluation on-going – final scientific recommendation by the ESAC. Earth Explorer Opportunity Missions: 2 nd Cycle The Earth Explorer Opportunity Missions 3 missions recommended for Phase A study: 1.ACE+ - radio occultation constellation mission 2.EGPM – European contribution to GPM 3.SWARM – magnetosphere mission

1 st International Precipitation WG Workshop, Madrid, Spain 23 – 27 Sep 2002 Earth Sciences Division EEOM - Assessment of EGPM Availability of fresh water is so dominant for human development. Mission is a major European contribution to the Global Precipitation Mission (GPM). EGPM features additional deliverables that are needed at high latitudes (such as Europe and Canada); achieved by extending the microwave radiometer measurements to higher frequencies ensuring the capability to measure snowfall. As an option, a 36 GHz radar to improve the accuracy of the precipitation retrieved from the microwave radiometer is considered. The Earth Explorer Opportunity Missions

1 st International Precipitation WG Workshop, Madrid, Spain 23 – 27 Sep 2002 Earth Sciences Division The EGPM-MAG - Members EOEP – user driven programme Missions supported by mission advisory groups (MAGs) The Earth Explorer Opportunity Missions

1 st International Precipitation WG Workshop, Madrid, Spain 23 – 27 Sep 2002 Earth Sciences Division EGPM Overall Planning The Earth Explorer Opportunity Missions

1 st International Precipitation WG Workshop, Madrid, Spain 23 – 27 Sep 2002 Earth Sciences Division Space Segments Ground Segments Research Dissemination The EGPM Mission Partnership Opportunity Archive Virtual Ground Station Primary Constellation SSMIS (2) TDRSS International Partners White SandsSSMIS Operations International Partner Operations Center Global Precipitation Data Processing Center Near Real-Time Rainfall 3-hr Rain Map Climate Data IR Data AMSU GP Data Broadcast Network Global Precipitation Network U.S. Mission Operations Center Validation Data Europe EGPM The Earth Explorer Opportunity Missions

1 st International Precipitation WG Workshop, Madrid, Spain 23 – 27 Sep 2002 Earth Sciences Division The EGPM Mission– Observational Requirements The Earth Explorer Opportunity Missions (*) requires GPM constellation

1 st International Precipitation WG Workshop, Madrid, Spain 23 – 27 Sep 2002 Earth Sciences Division The EGPM Mission - Data Users Three different classes of users can be identified:  Near-real-time users (‘nowcasting’)  Operational meteorology users  Research oriented users The first group requires delivery within 15 minutes for issuing e.g. warnings (raw data dumps, Level 0) The second group for operational applications require the Level 1b data product in near real-time (< 4 hrs after the observation) throughout the mission For research applications, any processing level may be required, from level 0 data to Level 2 – strong link to other GPM partners. Level 0 and Level 1b data products should be archived for 10 years (or more) to allow re-analysis. Data should be available to the international scientific user community on request. The Earth Explorer Opportunity Missions

1 st International Precipitation WG Workshop, Madrid, Spain 23 – 27 Sep 2002 Earth Sciences Division EGPM System – Observation Requirements Sun-synchronous orbit Equator crossing time 14:30 LST (TBC) Global coverage (tropical to polar while focus on mid-latitudes) Altitude 635 km (passive only) or 510 km (passive and active) (TBC) Coverage to be optimised for Europe (in space and time) Instrument foot prints and allowed horizontal integration length are assumed to satisfy the mission requirements (coverage, spatial and temporal resolution) Only a posteriori geo-location, horizontal location error better than 2 km (TBC) 3 years mission duration; satellite designed for a lifetime of 5 yrs Launch date The Earth Explorer Opportunity Missions

1 st International Precipitation WG Workshop, Madrid, Spain 23 – 27 Sep 2002 Earth Sciences Division EGPM – Payload Requirements Radiometer – Baseline Channels The Earth Explorer Opportunity Missions

1 st International Precipitation WG Workshop, Madrid, Spain 23 – 27 Sep 2002 Earth Sciences Division Overall ESA Earth Observation Launch Schedule Sep-02

1 st International Precipitation WG Workshop, Madrid, Spain 23 – 27 Sep 2002 Earth Sciences Division Conclusions Major contribution to ‘precipitation’ from EGPM, one of the forthcoming Earth Explorer missions Other missions in preparation by ESA in the context of the Earth Explorers providing relevant observations also getting implemented:  The Atmospheric Dynamics Mission (for transports) - Core mission  CRYOSAT (polar ice thickness) - Opportunity mission  SMOS (soil moisture and ocean salinity) - Opportunity mission Plus two of the three candidate Earth Explorer Core missions, EarthCARE and WALES. (ESA Earth Observation WEB Portal -