Marketing How do you set prices? Financial implications Who is the competition & what are they doing? Is there a demand for the product? Who are the customers?

Demand – need to research what customers want, how much they will pay and how often will they buy it. Customers – target groupsGender Age Occupation/Income group Repeat sales Hobby Location Competition - their products their prices their promotions is the market saturated? is there room for you?

Pricing Strategies: Market-ledsame level as competition Penetrationlow price to enter market, then increases as the product becomes more established Destruction price wars – knocking out competition through having a price war Added Valuecharge more for extras i.e. packaging

Human Resources Skills Training Legal issues Wages Retention Recruitment Facilities Health & Safety

Legal aspects for human resources: Age limits Minimum wage Contract terms and conditions Discrimination – sex, age, race, religion Health and safety Payroll records

Physical Resource Planning Premises Planning Machinery and Equipment Planning Materials and stock

Premises Planning Where? High street Work from home E-commerce Buy or rent? Insurance High Street – passing trade or need for offices Home – i.e. photographers, designers, etc E-Commerce – online business; can replace a shop, need storage space for goods; reliable postal/courier service Laws: Planning permission Licences Environmental restrictions Insurance: Fire Theft Business interruption liability

Machinery and Equipment Planning Machinery needed Equipment needed Fixtures and Fittings Buy or lease:machinery i.e. engraver equipment i.e computer, photocopier vehicles i.e. van, size telephone i.e mobile/landline Think about suppliers and their payment terms Technology is constantly changing, do you lease or buy???

Managing materials and stock Regular Suppliers:discounts money off for buying in bulk money off for early payment reliability payment terms – 30/60 days; interest free Regular Purchases:quantities quality timing Right supplier (reputation) price

Managing Quality Quality chains – in the production process, staff looking at their own work Quality Circles – meetings to monitor quality and discuss problems, improvements are suggested. Quality Control – inspecting finished products ISO 9000 – International quality standard; has to achieve rigorous procedures; can use BSi kite mark

Monitoring quality Statistical Number of faults Sales figures Repeat customer orders Customer feedbackQuestionnaires letters of complaint Targets and achievements – monitoring the business performance

COSTS Start up costs “one off costs which have to be met before the business starts trading” Running costs day to day costs incurred in the running of the business”

Start up costs Premises buying and getting a mortgage renting (no major start up cost) Equipmentdepends on the type and size of the business, i.e. computers telephone furniture vehicles Fixtures and fittingscarpets shelving

Running Costs (A.K.A. Expenses) Production costs raw materials packaging wages Marketing costsmarket research promotion/advertising website design and operation sales reps/direct mail Human Resourcesstaff wages recruitment & training costs health and safety requirements Administrationinsurance rent and rates utilities and telephone postage stationery