Water Resources Demand Management at the National Level [Philippines] Bonifacio S. Labiano Division Manager-A Irrigation Engineering Center National Irrigation Administration Jorge M. Estioko Chief Monitoring and Enforcement Division National Water Resources Board

1. Conditions and Strategies in Demand Management

a. Demand Situation  Irrigation Development Perspective Include small scale irrigation systems SSISs) Inconsistent irrigation development data

a. Demand Situation  Cropping Pattern Enrichment Increase cropping intensity Set wet-to-wet interlap

b. Demand Forecasts  Rice Self-Sufficiency Requirement NIA’s share is 36 percent of the total increase in palay production within the critical period

b. Demand Forecasts  Water Appropriation Competition Sectors Factors Supply Demand Agriculture Residential Commercial Industrial Growing Extent Expanding Coverage Diminishing Quantity Quality Deterioration Growing Demand Climate Change Watershed Denudation Rainfall Occurrence Rainfall Intensity Streamflow Pattern Growing Competition

c. Adaptation Measures  Irrigation Performance Amplification Generate and restore serviceable area Increase cropping intensity and crop yield

c. Adaptation Measures  Farming System Upgrading Component practices now familiar with farmers Adoption is however still fragmental

d. Mitigation Measures  Rotational Water Distribution Alleviates water shortage Improves water productivity

e. Response Plans  Quick-Resulting Projects Most critical period is 2011 – 2012 Prioritize mono-year projects

e. Response Plans  Human Resource Strengthening Institutional Reform Agency Rationalization Agency Rationalization Five-Year Plan Ending 2012 Experienced Staff Retired Needed Action Needed Action Train Staff Train Staff Intervening Scenario Intervening Scenario Rice Self-Sufficiency Roadmap Unprecedented Workload Needed Action Needed Action Train Staff Increase Staff

f. Recovery Plans  Programs Convergence Initiative  Pumping Operations Subsidization Remedial Measures Remedial Measures Agriculture Public Works Environment Focus Concerns Focus Concerns Rice Areas Flood Control Watershed Reforestation Agencies Converging Agencies Converging Operations Constraint Operations Constraint High O&M Cost High O&M Cost Unsustainable Operations Unsustainable Operations Low Paying Capacity Low Paying Capacity Halved ISF Rate NIA gets Subsidy NIA revisits Strategies

2. Policies and Programs in Demand Management

a. National Policies  Water Appropriation Prioritization  Hydraulic Regulation Improvement Water Prioritization Water Prioritization Water Rights Water Rights Remedial Measure Remedial Measure Existing Phenomenon Existing Phenomenon P-1: Water Supply P-2: Power Generation P-2: Power Generation P-3: Irrigation Supply P-3: Irrigation Supply Upstream Diversion Dedicated Source Sound Decision Beneficiary Shift Water Superfluity US Water Superfluity US Water Deficit MS Water Deficit MS Water Deprivation DS Water Deprivation DS Standard Weir: Cross Regulator Notched Weir: Offtake Intake Caps Allowable Discharge

b. National Programs  Irrigation System Modernization Transfers water management to canal structures Makes irrigation systems self-diagnostic

b. National Programs  Public Private Partnership Execution Targets Allure Investment Counterparting Investment Counterparting Dam Aspect Only Multipurpose Dams Power Plants Trimmed Investment 4 Projects in Pipeline Purpose Accelerate Development Complement Resource

3. Lessons and Practices in Demand Management

a. Lesson Learned  Pump Irrigation Profitability Situation Uncertainty Impact Advocacy High &M Cost High &M Cost Subsidized Cost Subsidized Cost Halved ISF Rate Halved ISF Rate Subsidy Stoppage Low ISF Collections Operations Sustainability PISs at Lower Priority Dries Up Hand Pumps PISs for Water Augmentation Aquifer for Water Supply

4. Challenges and Needs in Demand Management

a. Management Challenges  Rank #1 - Diminishing Water Supply  Rank #2 - Balding Irrigation Watersheds  Rank #3 - Ineffective Hydraulic Regulation Diminishing water supply vs. Growing water demand Severe water regimes and rising silt load cut irrigation performance Ineffective water control causes Inequitable water apportioning

b. Assistance Necessary  Irrigation Modernization Piloting  Technical Capability Enhancement  Irrigation Statistics Validation IRwM adoption still fragmental; Module impact needed proof Serviceable area needed inventorying with mapping Experienced staff retired; Retained staff needed trained

c. Adaptation Initiatives  Irrigation System Modernization Operations Constraints Unique Situation Current Thrusts Water Supply Shortage Water Supply Shortage Irrigation Facility Dysfunction Irrigation Facility Dysfunction Water Distribution Inequitableness Water Distribution Inequitableness Generate Serviceable Area Restore Serviceable Area Increase Harvested Area  Irrigation Modernization Module  Irrigation Engineering Center  System Improvement Plan Development Process Bad Experience Triggered Insights/Papers Synthesized

d. Policy Considerations  Design Waterduty Responsiveness Design Assumptions Design Assumptions Crop: Lowland Rice Crop: Lowland Rice Scheme: Continuous Irrigation Scheme: Continuous Irrigation Value: 1.5 li sec -1 ha -1 [13 mm day -1 ] Value: 1.5 li sec -1 ha -1 [13 mm day -1 ] Irrigation Periods Irrigation Periods Adequacy Status Adequacy Status Saturation Irrigation Maintenance Irrigation Inadequate: Saturation, Submergence Adequate Effective Rainfall Year-Round Irrigation R 3 CP Default Wet-to-Wet Interlap