William S. Klug Michael R. Cummings Charlotte A. Spencer Concepts of Genetics Eighth Edition Chapter 22 Applications and Ethics of Biotechnology Copyright © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc.

Biotechnology Has Revolutionized Agriculture Transgenic Crops and Herbicide Resistance

Figure 22-1 Copyright © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc.

Figure 22-2 Copyright © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc.

Nutritional Enhancement of Crop Plants

Figure 22-3 Copyright © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc. “Golden Rice” High levels of β-carotene

Concerns about Genetically Modified Organisms

Pharmaceutical Products Are Synthesized in Genetically Altered Organisms Insulin Production in Bacteria

Figure 22-4 Copyright © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc.

Table 22-1 Copyright © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc.

Pharmaceutical Products Are Synthesized in Genetically Altered Organisms Transgenic Animal Hosts and Pharmaceutical Products

Figure 22-5 Copyright © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc.

Transgenic Plants and Edible Vaccines (“subunit vaccines”)

Figure 22-6 Copyright © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc.

Figure 22-7 Copyright © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc.

Biotechnology Is Used to Diagnose and Screen Genetic Disorders

Figure 22-8 Copyright © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc weeks

weeks

Prenatal Diagnosis of Sickle-Cell Anemia

Figure 22-9 Copyright © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc.

Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Genetic Screening Allele-specific oligonucleotides

Figure Copyright © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc.

Figure Copyright © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc.

DNA Microarrays

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Figure Copyright © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc.

Gene expression profiling

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Disease Diagnosis

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Genome Scanning

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Genetic Testing and Ethical Dilemmas

Genetic Disorders Can Be Treated by Gene Therapy

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Gene Therapy for Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID)

Figure Copyright © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc. Ashanti De Silva

Figure Copyright © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc.

Figure Copyright © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc.

Problems and Failures in Gene Therapy

Science :

Future of gene therapy? Table 22-2 Copyright © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc.

Gene Therapy Raises Many Ethical Concerns Somatic versus germ-line “Common good” versus individual benefit Enhancement gene therapy

Ethical Issues Are an Outgrowth of the Human Genome Project The Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications (ELSI) Program

Finding and Mapping Genes in the Human Genome with Recombinant DNA Technology RFLPs as Genetic Markers

Figure Copyright © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc.

Linkage Analysis Using RFLPs

Figure Copyright © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc.

Finding and Mapping Genes in the Human Genome with Recombinant DNA Technology Positional Cloning: The Gene for Neurofibromatosis

Figure Copyright © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc. Neurofibromatosis

DNA Fingerprints Can Identify Individuals Minisatellites (VNTRs) and Microsatellites (STRs)

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Figure Copyright © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc.

Forensic Applications Paternity testing

November 21, 2005 Article 1 Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) Article 2

That’s All!