BZUPAGES.COM An Introduction to

BZUPAGES.COM Introduction Large corporations today face the following problems Finding a certain file. Seeing everything from a single view Replicate data Windows NT server network Offers directory services Single network logon Single point of administration and replication

BZUPAGES.COM Traditional Directory Tools for organizing, managing and locating objects in a computing system Directory services are like a telephone book LANs and WANs grow larger and more complex Active directory unifies and brings order to diverse server hierarchies, or namespaces

BZUPAGES.COM Directory Service Users and administrators do not know exact names The directory can run a query for an object by one of its attributes A directory service can Enforce security defined by administrator Replicate a directory Partition a directory into multiple stores A management and an end user tool

BZUPAGES.COM Active Directory Included with Windows 2000 server Works well in any size installation Single server with few hundred objects Thousands of server with millions of objects

BZUPAGES.COM Important Concepts Scope Can include every single object, every server and every domain Namespace Any bounded area in which a given name can be resolved Object A distinct, named set of attributes that represents something concrete, such as a user, a printer or an application.

BZUPAGES.COM Important Concepts Container An object which has attributes and is part of active directory Tree A hierarchy of objects and containers Endpoints on trees are objects Nodes represent containers Shows how objects are connected

BZUPAGES.COM Important Concepts Domains A single security boundary of a network Domain trees A tree comprised of several domains sharing a common schema, configuration and forming a contiguous namespace

BZUPAGES.COM Important Concepts Forest A set of one or more trees that do not form a contiguous namespace All trees in a forest share a common schema, configuration and global catalog A forest does not need a distinct name Sites Location in a network that contains Active Directory servers

BZUPAGES.COM Active Directory Features DNS Integration Active Directory is tightly integrated with Domain Name System. Active Directory uses DNS as the location Service An Enterprise can connect Active Directory Servers directly to the Internet.

BZUPAGES.COM Support for LDAP LDAP is Lightweight Directory Access Protocol. It was developed as a simpler alternative to X.500 protocol Active Directory supports both LDAP version 2 and version 3.

BZUPAGES.COM Object Naming Active Directory Schema defines two useful properties Object Globally Unique Identifier, a 128 bit number which is never changed if object is moved or renamed. User principal Name which is shorter than DN and easy to remember

BZUPAGES.COM Protocol Support Supported protocols include: LDAP Remote procedure call X.500 Supported API’s include ADSI LDAP API MAPI

BZUPAGES.COM Global Catalog GC enables users and applications to find objects in an Active Directory Domain tree if user knows one or more attributes of target object. GC holds a replica of every object in the Active Directory, but only holds a small number of their attributes.

BZUPAGES.COM Security Object protection All objects are protected by Access Control Lists. An ACL is store as a binary value called a Security Descriptor. Delegation It allows a higher administrative authority to grant rights for containers and subtrees to individuals and groups.

BZUPAGES.COM Trees and Forests Windows 2000 domain tree is a hierarchy of domains, each consisting of a partition of Active Directory. Transitive Bidirectional Trust relationship is automatically established between joined domain and its parent. Domains are joined to Domain tree during installation process.

BZUPAGES.COM Extending the Schema New attributes can be added to the Schema at any time, using name, OID, definition of data, range limits. New Objects can be added at any time using name, oid, list of classes that can be parents of object, class object is derived from, and list of classes that apply to the object.

BZUPAGES.COM Assuring Backward Compatibility Easy Migration from Windows NT 3.5 and 4.0 Active Directory is designed to operate in mixed Environment. The migration process from Down level servers to active directory take place one domain controller at a time.

BZUPAGES.COM Win 4.x domain with single primary domain controller and two Backup Domain controllers.

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Pure Domain- Former BDC’s are now peers of the original Windows 2000.