Bell Ringer #10 (2/22 & 2/25) 1.Which nations were a part of the Axis powers in 1939? 2.List the five Allied powers toward the end of WWII? 3.What was the main goal of Hitler signing the Non-Aggression Pact?

Theaters of War Pacific (China, SE Asia, Japan, Pacific) Europe (W., E., S., Fronts) North Africa

Civilian Life During WWII Cities become bombing targets (ex. London) Democratic govts. increase power by ordering factories to produce war materials Dem. govts. limited rights of individuals by forcing people into interment camps – Japanese in the U.S. – Germans in Britain Women worked in factories and served in the military for the first time

Turning Points of the War

#1 Pearl Harbor: US Enters War 1935: FDR declared neutrality for U.S. – Neutrality Acts 1941: FDR signs Lend Lease Bill: provides materials/weapons to Allied powers 1941: Atlantic Charter: Stated ideal goals of war U.S. bans sale of war materials to Japan to stop Japanese aggression

#1 Pearl Harbor: US Enters War Japan is angered by ban & launches a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor 2,400 Americans killed Ships/planes destroyed Franklin Roosevelt asks congress to declare war on Japan US Enters War in 1941 “A Day of Infamy”

#2: Battle of Stalingrad ( ) Germans try to take city of Stalingrad, Russia Forced into a freezing winter surrender Broke German army - lost 20 Generals, 100,000 men, large portion of supplies and equipment Army never recovers from the loss First major loss of German Army on the Eastern Front Symbolic turning point – Soviets believe in selves

#3: Battle of El Alamein (1942) Allied troops defeated Germans in North Africa Stopped the charge of Germany throughout the continent Importance: Pushes German’s out of North Africa & gives Allies control of the Mediterranean Sea and a place to launch an attack on the European continent (Italy)*

#4: Battle of Midway (1942) Most important naval battle on Pacific front Yamamoto’s plan was to lure U.S. aircraft carriers into a trap & obtain Midway island Americans crack codes & determine date/location of attack U.S. sets up own ambush in response U.S. defeats Imperial Navy

#5: Invasion of Italy (1943) Allies invaded from N. Africa Weakened Hitler by forcing to fight on another war front Victory in North Africa allowed Allies to land in Italy which forced Hitler to send troops Lead to weakening the German strong hold on Western Europe

#6: Invasion of Normandy (1944) Also known as “D-Day” Allied troops ferried across English Channel Allies invade 5 beaches in Normandy Largest amphibious invasion in history Broke through German defense toward Paris Free France from German control Allies then able to move from France into Germany