GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS DEFENCE: GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS

GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS DEFENCE: GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS

GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS SEE ……….THINK DEFENCE: GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS WONDER

GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS Class discussion DEFENCE: GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS The mission of the Department of Defence is? Read through this information and write down the definition below:http://www.defence.gov.au/ips/aboutus.htm#mission To defend Australia and……….. What are Australia’s National Interests? Work with a partner to identify ONE of Australia’s national interests.

DEFENCE: AUSTRALIA DEFENCE AUSTRALIA & DEFENCE GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS $27,016billion 100,00+ personnel 3,300 ADF personnel - 12 overseas operations 500 ADF - domestic maritime security Australia high level strategic dialogue with China and annual Defence Strategic Dialogue Talks 2009 - A Focused Force: Australia’s Defence Priorities in the Asian Region calls for Australia to plan for strategic risks related to rise of China. What are the risks Australia faces over coming decades? Can Australia afford the forces? Afghanistan Operation Slipper Iraq Operation Kruger, Operation Riverbank Middle East Operation Paladin Egypt Operation Mazurka Sudan Operation Azure, Operation Hedgerow East Timor Operation Astute, Operation Tower Border Protection Operation Resolute Solomon Islands Operation Anode

DISCUSSION DEFENCE: AUSTRALIA & DEFENCE GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS DISCUSSION What are the risks Australia faces over coming decades? Can Australia afford the forces?

GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS GLOBAL DEFENCE OVERVIEW DEFENCE: GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS 2011 Ten largest defence budgets $1.1 trillion USA ($693billion) largest (60%) followed by China ($76 billion) 17,442,000 active troops China largest armed forces - 2.3million USA, India, Russia, North Korea - more than one million CHECK OUT THESE LINKS BELOW – who do you believe and how can we be sure?: 1. http://www.examiner.com/article/china-s-hidden-military-budget 3. http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/futuretense/military-expenditure/4672124 5.. http://www.chinapost.com.tw/china/national-news/2010/07/12/264255/China-refutes.htm 4. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wsaViQ2C0k8 2. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JCQ53suPHso

GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS GLOBAL DEFENCE OVERVIEW DEFENCE: GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS CHINA 2011: military budget rose 12.7% to $91.7 billion (601.1 billion yuan) countries nervous of China’s rapid modernisation of People’s Liberation Army. China says strategy is peaceful development.

GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS I used to think….but now I think….. DEFENCE: GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS I used to think….but now I think….. When we began today’s lesson you may have had some background knowledge about the cartoon above. In just a few sentences, I want to write what it is that you used to think about
this. Now, I want you to think about how your ideas have been challenged, changed or solidified as a result of what we’ve been studying/doing/discussing. Again in just a few sentences write down what you now think about this.

GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS DEFENCE SPENDING DEFENCE: GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS China’s defence is low as a % of GDP China has the largest military personnel Saudi Arabia highest as % of GDP Are the figures accurate? How would we know?

GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS DEFENCE SPENDING DEFENCE: GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/ Click on above link: Guide to Country Comparisons then Military-Military Expenditures-percent of GDP Complete first part of table below then when finished Click on Country then Military to complete the rest of the items in the table. Go back to beginning of link to find the statistics for the last two headings. Country Australia China New Zealand Phillipines Fiji Military Expenditures-per cent of GDP Military Branches Manpower fit for Military service Military Expenditure Ranking on Spending Population (millions) Area (in millions of sq kms

GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS Defence SPENDING DEFENCE: GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS ACTIVITY ONE - Revisit your glossary and define GDP.   Refer to the graph on Page 8 – Country with Highest % of GDP spending on military personnel in 2010________________ Country with Lowest % of GDP spending on military personnel in 2010________________ One country that has reduced its % of GDP spending on military personnel in 2010________________ One country that has increased its % of GDP spending on military personnel in 2010________________ ACTVITY TWO USING THE COMPLETED TABLE ON THE PREVIOUS PAGE: In Excel, create a column graph showing on one axis- Military Expenditures-per cent of GDP and the countries in the table on another axis. Country with Highest Military expenditure % of GDP________________ Lowest Military expenditure % of GDP____________________________ Write a sentence on how these statistics may have surprised you? Paste your column graph into the black space on the next page:

GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS Defence SPENDING DEFENCE: GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS

GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS Defence SPENDING DEFENCE: GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS EXTENSION: Use your graph to write a paragraph on the differences in Military expenditure between countries (eg highest percentage, lowest percentage) and suggest reasons for these differences.

GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS Defence SPENDING DEFENCE: GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS What are the main advantages and disadvantages to Defence Spending? Based on this, do you believe that the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?

GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS STABILITY in the solomon islands DEFENCE: GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS View the following film with your class: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZSgqErCSIY4- ‘Creating stability in the Solomon islands’ Why was this necessary? Was this in our national interest – Why? Then read through the excerpt on the right.

GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS THE ROLES OF GOVERNMENT AND NGO’S DEFENCE: GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS

GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS THE ROLES OF GOVERNMENT AND NGO’S DEFENCE: GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS

GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS THE ROLES OF GOVERNMENT AND NGO’S DEFENCE: GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS

GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS THE ROLES OF GOVERNMENT AND NGO’S DEFENCE: GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS

GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS THE ROLES OF GOVERNMENT AND NGO’S DEFENCE: GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS Complete the following activities – as guided by your teacher Which level of Government is responsible for Australia’s Defence programme? The Government Department that administers this programme is called? This Department outlines their mission as: What does the acronym NGO stand for? Complete the following sentences in your own words. A ‘Think Tank’ is: Why is the contribution of NGOs so important to Australia’s Defence Link Identify TWO NGOs relevant to defence and describe their activities in the table: NGO NAME: ACTIVITIES

GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS THE ROLES OF GOVERNMENT AND NGO’S DEFENCE: GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS Activities continued Who is the current Minister for Defence? Who are the Joint Department Heads of the Defence? What is their role? What is the role of the Defence Science and Technology Organisation? What does DSD stand for? What is their role?

GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS GEOPOLITICAL ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES DEFENCE: GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS Geopolitical is a difficult concept to understand. It refers to the impact of geographical factors on international relations. Australia is a major political power in the South-east Pacific region and how we conduct our international relations is most important. Australia’s major geopolitical goal is to ensure the neighbourhood is stable and cohesive. Earlier in this presentation you were provided with information about the stability and cohesion of Somalia. The purpose of this was to provide you with information on what it would be like if countries like Papua New Guinea (PNG) and Solomon Islands became lawless nations. The advantages of using our political power in our region are considerable. If countries such as PNG became, like Somalia, havens for criminals, terrorists and tax evaders, the consequences for Australia could be considerable. Terrorists and criminals could use these countries as a safe base for their Australian activities. It is a geopolitical advantage to Australia to have a prosperous, stable and cohesive PNG. This is why Australia helps PNG develop the infrastructure needed for a stable cohesive country – good governance, police, local government, courts and a well-trained army. Additionally, this is why the Australian Defence Force trains PNG military officers and cooperates with the PNG Government on military matters. This is also the reason Australia sent troops to the Solomon Islands and Timor-Leste – to assist the Governments of those countries to maintain law and order. There are also geopolitical disadvantages to the Australian Defence programme. The main geopolitical disadvantage of the defence programme is that sometimes defence can be perceived as a tool to ‘bully’ smaller nations. Fiji, for example, regarded Australia as a ‘regional bully’ when Australia applied sanctions after the military coup in Fiji. Indeed at one point during the military coup in Fiji the military were concerned there might be an invasion by Australian armed forces. Australia’s regional goal is to encourage democratic governments in neighbouring countries and this is why the sanctions (such as preventing anyone in the military dictatorship from landing in Australia and abandoning joint exercises with the Fijian army) were imposed.

GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS ACTIVITIES - ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES DEFENCE: GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS SUMMARISE MORE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF AUSTRALIA’S DEFENCE AGREEMENTS IN THE TABLE BELOW: Advantages Disadvantages Cultural Deaths of soldiers on deployment Ongoing support of returned servicemen and servicewomen Economic We are obliged to buy equipment from countries we have alliances with, even if we could source them more cheaply from other countries. Geopolitical We will get support from the US and other countries in times of need We are tied to treaties that we have made in the past, and which may not be in our best interests now.

DEFENCE: ACTIVITIES - ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS EXTENDED RESPONSE - EXTENSION Explain why Australia gets involved in disputes in other countries. Predict what would happen if Australia did not become involved in these disputes (both for the people in the country and Australia as a nation). Use the explanation scaffold on the next page to assist you in writing this extended response. Your response should fill an A4 page in maximum size 14 font.

GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS EXTENDED RESPONSE - Scaffold ACTIVITIES - ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES DEFENCE: GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS EXTENDED RESPONSE - Scaffold

GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS TREATIES AND AGREEMENTS DEFENCE: GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS

GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS TREATIES AND AGREEMENTS DEFENCE: GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS

GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS ACTIVITIES ON TREATIES AND AGREEMENTS DEFENCE: GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS ACTIVITIES ON TREATIES AND AGREEMENTS What is meant by a ‘treaty’ or ‘agreement’? What is the difference between a bilateral and a multilateral agreement? Name the defence treaty that we have with the Solomon Islands Use the table below to ouline the importance of this treaty to both countries IMPORTANCE OF TREATY TO AUSTRALIA IMPORTANCE OF TREATY TO THE SOLOMON ISLANDS

GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS TREATIES AND AGREEMENTS DEFENCE: GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS http://www.abc.net.au/news/topic/treaties-and-alliances http://www.dfat.gov.au/treaties/ (MAKE SURE YOU ONLY FOCUS ON DEFENCE TREATIES) USING THE LINKS ABOVE AS A STARTING POINT FOR RESEARCH, SELECT ONE OF THE ACTIVITIES BELOW TO COMPLETE: ALL - Use the seven strips scaffold on the next page to list SEVEN key facts about the following treaties: RAMSI, ANZUS and NATO – the key facts should all be written in your own words – not copy and pasted. 1. Based on your research, compose a written response that discusses why one of treaties above should be maintained or amended. See the discussion scaffold on Page 32. 2. If you have a strong opinion on one of the treaties, use the exposition scaffold on Page 33 to write a response intended to persuade others to agree to your opinion on the treaty. 3. Write a 30 second script for a newsreader reporting on a newly signed treaty (from 2013). Ensure that you outline the purpose of the treaty and the importance of the treaty to the countries involved. Film yourself presenting this news item. You MUST take this seriously and record and edit your new report to look professional

GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS TREATIES AND AGREEMENTS DEFENCE: GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS Seven Strips Scaffold Fact: Read the research section you have chosen. Choose 7 of the most important points to write in each of the boxes (use your own words) Print and cut out the seven strips Move the strips into groups of related information/topics Use these grouped pieces of information to develop your own set of notes Compare and discuss your notes with another student. Make any necessary changes that will improve the overall quality of your notes.

GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS TREATIES AND AGREEMENTS DEFENCE: GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS Discussion Scaffold Introduction: (This identifies the topic for discussion and outlines the two sides of the argument – provide one example for and against) Arguments for with supporting evidence: Arguments against with supporting evidence: Evaluation (make a judgement about the alternative points of view i.e is one more effective than another, are they both equally important etc….) Conclusion (reinforcement or recommendation): The purpose of this scaffold is to assist you in discussing alternative points of view and make judgements or recommendations based on evidence Ensure that you include: Words showing cause and effect, linking words (such as, however, although and therefore) and words which express your opinions.

GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS TREATIES AND AGREEMENTS DEFENCE: GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS Exposition Scaffold The purpose of this scaffold is to assist you in developing a persuasive argument by presenting one side of the argument or by arguing a point of view. Ensure that you include: Words showing cause and effect and linking words. Each argument paragraph starts with a topic sentence. Justify this argument in a logical order. Introduction: (presents the point of view and previews the arguments to be presented): Argument One: Argument Two: Argument Three: Conclusion/Recommendation (Sums up the arguments and reinforces the writer’s point of view):

GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS SOCIAL JUSTICE and EQUITY ISSUES in AUSTRALIA AND OTHE COUNTRIES DEFENCE: GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS

GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS SOCIAL JUSTICE and EQUITY ISSUES in AUSTRALIA AND OTHE COUNTRIES DEFENCE: GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS

GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS SOCIAL JUSTICE and EQUITY ISSUES in AUSTRALIA AND OTHE COUNTRIES DEFENCE: GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS THINK….PAIR….SHARE WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT THE IDEA OF WOMEN IN COMBAT? DO YOU THINK ALL DEFENCE ACTIVITIES FROM FIGHTER PILOT TO FRONTLINE COMBAT TROOPS SHOULD BE OPEN TO BOTH MEN AND WOMEN?

GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS SOCIAL JUSTICE and EQUITY ISSUES in AUSTRALIA AND OTHE COUNTRIES DEFENCE: GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS ACTIVITIES 1. Find and complete the following sentence. One of the primary purposes of the Australian Defence Force is to create: 2. Using the examples in the text, describe two situations in which people are not living in socially just and equitable circumstances. COUNTRY: 3. If the Australian Defence Forces are involved in operations that work to ensure social justice and equity for citizens in other countries, what does this suggest about our own values as a nation?

GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS AFGHANISTAN CASE STUDY DEFENCE: GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS

GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS AFGHANISTAN CASE STUDY DEFENCE: GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS

GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS AFGHANISTAN CASE STUDY DEFENCE: GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS LAST MAJOR DEPLOYMENT TO AFGHANISTAN http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9-Owzeg9kjo

GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS AFGHANISTAN CASE STUDY DEFENCE: GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LINKS CURRENT DATA ON MILITARY DEPLOYMENT IN AFGHANISTAN http://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/BN/2012-2013/AfghanistanFacts It is expected that by mid-2013 all areas in Afghanistan will have entered the transition process. The transition period is scheduled to be completed by the end of 2014 when ANSF will take full responsibility for Afghanistan’s security. The Provincial Reconstruction Teams (PRTs) will transition in the same timeframe as the military forces by handing ‘over their functions to the Afghan Government, traditional development actors, non-governmental organisations and the private sector’, at which time the PRTs will dissolve. Australia is the lead nation in the Uruzgan PRT.