Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Unit 2 Surgical Suffixes, Hematology, and Diagnostic Imaging

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Surgical Terminology Surgery –Important medical treatment tool –Procedures include: Incision Excision Repair Replacement

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Surgical Terminology Surgery –Procedures include: Destruction Ablation Cauterization Introduction Dilation

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Surgical Suffixes Origin –Greek –tomos = cut –Examples: -tome = instrument used to cut slices -tomy = cut into, incise, or incision -ectomy = cut out, remove, excise, or excision -ostomy = cut a new surgical opening

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Building Words with Surgical Suffixes Examples: –derma/tome = instrument to cut slices of skin –gastr/o/tomy = incision into stomach –duoden/ectomy = removal of duodenum –col/ostomy = creating opening in colon

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Building Words with Surgical Suffixes One word root with various procedures Examples: –gastr/ectomy = removal of all or part of stomach –gastr/o/tomy = incision into stomach –gastr/ostomy = surgical opening in stomach

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Building Words with Surgical Suffixes One word root with various procedures Examples: –col/ectomy = removal of all or part of colon –col/o/tomy = incision into colon –col/ostomy = surgical opening in colon

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Building Words with Surgical Suffixes Two word roots with various procedures Examples: –gastr/o/duoden/ectomy = removal of all or part of stomach and duodenum –gastr/o/duoden/o/tomy = incision into stomach and duodenum –gastr/o/duoden/ostomy = surgical openings in stomach and duodenum

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Building Words with Surgical Suffixes

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Diagnostic Imaging Method of creating visual representations of body structures or functions Imaging suffixes include: –-gram = picture or record –-graph = instrument to record image of data –-graphy = process of recording image of data

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Building Words with Imaging Suffixes Examples: –electr/o/cardi/o/gram = record of electrical impulses given off by heart –electr/o/cardi/o/graph = instrument for recording electrical impulses given off by heart –electr/o/cardi/o/graphy = process of recording electrical impulses given off by heart

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Tomography tom/o = combining form for cut -graphy = process of recording image of data tom/o/graphy = radiographic procedure using x-rays to produce images of slices or planes of the body

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Tomography Procedures Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Computed tomography (CT) scan –Also known as CAT scan Positron emission tomography (PET) scan Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. MRI

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. CAT Scan

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. PET Scan

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Imaging Combining Forms son/o = sound Examples: –son/o/gram = picture made with ultrasound waves –son/o/graphy = process of making images with ultrasound waves –son/o/grapher = person who performs ultrasonography

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Imaging Combining Forms ech/o = sound made by reflected sound waves Examples: –ech/o/cardi/o/gram = record of sound waves reflected through heart –ech/o/cardi/o/graphy = process of making echocardiogram –ech/o/cardi/o/grapher = person who takes image

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Imaging Combining Forms radi/o = radiation or x-rays Examples: –radi/o/graph = picture made using x-rays –radi/o/gram = picture made using x-rays –radi/o/grapher = person who takes x-rays –radi/o/logist = physician specialist who interprets x-rays

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Word Parts for Colors leuk/owhite melan/oblack (dark) erythr/ored cyan/oblue chlor/ogreen xanth/oyellow jaundice = reflection of bright yellow in blood

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Building Words With Color Examples: –leuk/o/derma = unusually white skin Also known as vitiligo –melan/o/derma = abnormally dark pigmented skin –erythr/o/derma = red skin –cyan/o/derma = blue skin –xanth/o/derma = yellow skin

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Structures of the Skin

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Animation Click Here to Play Skin Animation

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Building Words With Color Examples: –melan/o/cyte = black cell –melan/o/blast = black embryonic cell –acr/o/cyan/osis = condition of blueness of extremities –erythr/o/dermat/itis = reddened, inflamed skin condition

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Hematology hemat/o = blood Examples: –hemat/o/logy = study of blood –hemat/o/logist = one who studies blood –hemat/o/pathy = disease of blood

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Blood Conditions -emia = blood condition Examples: –an/emia = lack of blood –xanth/emia = excess carotene in blood Yellow –erythr/emia = abnormally red blood –chlor/emia = increased chlorine in blood Green

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Cells Smallest structural units of all living things cyt/o = combining form for cell -cyte = suffix for cell

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Cells Examples: –cyt/o/logy = study of cells –cyt/o/logist = one who studies cells –cyt/o/meter = instrument used to count cells –cyt/o/metry = process of counting cells –cyt/o/techn/o/logist = technician who prepares slides

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. White Blood Cells (WBCs) leuk/o/cyte = WBC Examples: –leuk/o/cyt/o/penia = decrease in or lack of WBCs –leuk/emia = condition of WBCs Blood cancer –leuk/o/cyt/osis = increase in WBCs

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Red Blood Cells (RBCs) erythr/o/cyte = RBC Examples: –erythr/o/cyt/o/penia = decrease in or lack of RBCs –erythr/o/blast = immature RBC –erythr/o/cyt/osis = high numbers of erythrocytes –erythr/emia = abnormally red blood due to too many erythrocytes

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Blood-Clotting Cells thromb/o/cyte = blood-clotting cell –Also known as platelet Examples: –thromb/o/cyt/osis = increase in number of thrombocytes –thromb/o/cyt/o/penia = abnormal decrease in number of thrombocytes

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Lymphatic System Series of lymph vessels, nodes, and organs Purpose: –Circulate tissue fluids, absorb fats from intestine, and fight infections lymph/o = combining form

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Lymphatic System Examples: –lymph/o/cyte = type of WBC produced by lymphatic system –lymph/edema = fluid accumulation and swelling caused by blockages in lymphatic vessels –acute lymph/o/cy/tic leukemia = disease involving lymphocytes

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Animation Click Here to Play Lymphatic System Animation

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Tissues hist/o = tissue Examples: –hist/o/blast = immature tissue –hist/o/logy = study of tissues –hist/o/logist = one who studies tissues –hist/o/cyte = tissue cell

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Small Intestine Duodenum –First part of small intestine beyond stomach duoden/o = combining form Examples: –duoden/al = pertaining to duodenum –duoden/itis = inflammation of duodenum –duoden/ostomy = surgical opening in duodenum

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Heart cardi/o and card/o = combining forms Examples: –cardi/o/logist = physician specialist in diagnosing and treating heart conditions –card/itis = inflammation of heart –electr/o/cardi/o/gram = record of electrical activity of heart

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Enlarged megal/o = combining form for enlarged -megaly = suffix for enlarged Examples: –cardi/o/megaly = enlarged heart sometimes caused by reduced supply of oxygen –megal/o/cardia = enlargement or overdevelopment of heart

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Enlarged Examples: –megal/o/gastria = enlarged stomach –gastr/o/megaly = enlarged stomach –megal/o/mania = mental disorder characterized by delusions of grandeur mania = madness

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Disease -pathy = suffix meaning disease path/o = combining form for disease Examples: –path/o/logy = study of disease –path/o/logist = one who studies disease –eti/o/logy = study of origin of disease

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Pain -algia = suffix for pain Examples: –cardi/algia = heart pain –gastr/algia = stomach pain

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Synonyms Some terms can be used with combining forms or suffixes to express same meaning megal/o = enlarged -megaly = enlarged Examples: –megal/o/gastria = enlarged stomach –gastr/o/megaly = enlarged stomach

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Forming Medical Terms 1.Word root + suffix –Examples: dermat/itis cyan/osis duoden/al

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Forming Medical Terms 2.Any number of word roots + suffix –Examples: gastr/o/duoden/ostomy gastr/o/duoden/ectomy

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Forming Medical Terms

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Forming Medical Terms 3.Combining form + suffix –Examples: acr/o/cyan/osis leuk/o/cyte

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Forming Medical Terms 4.Any number of combining forms + word root + suffix –Examples: leuk/o/cyt/o/penia electr/o/cardi/o/graphy

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Animation Click Here to Play Combining Word Roots Animation