1. Characteristics and treatment of disorders
HEMATOLOGY
Characteristics and treatment of disorders

2. Inflammation Another topic previously covered What are: Pus Abscess
Pyrexia
Leukocytosis
Edema
Excessive fluid in tissues

3. leukopenia Which is: A decrease in WBCs
What do you think may cause it?
Taking marrow-depressant drugs, pathologic conditions, or by radiation

4. anemia Deficiency in the number or % of RBCs Iron deficiency anemia
Usually in women, children, and adolescents
Deficiency of dietary iron causing insufficient hemoglobin
Rx with iron supplements, green leafy veggies
Aplastic anemia
Bone marrow does not produce enough blood cells
Cause – drugs, radiation therapy, inherited, or autoimmune disease
Rx removal of toxic substances, d/c drugs or radiation; in extreme cases bone marrow transplant may be performed
Sickle cell anemia
Chronic, inherited blood disorder
RBCs abnormal sickle (crescent) shape
Sickle cells break easily and carry less oxygen
Occurs primarily in African Americans
Pernicious anemia
Caused by a deficiency of Vitamin B12 and/or lack of the intrinsic factor (necessary for absorption and utilization)
Associated with some autoimmune endocrine diseases

5. Polycythemia Which is… Too many RBCs
May be temporary – occurs at high altitudes d/t less O2 present
Polycythemia vera: unknown cause, where the increase in RBCs cause a thickening of the blood
What can happen if the blood thickens?
Tx is phlebotomy – removal of approx. 1 pint or drug therapy

6. embolism
A moving blood clot until it reaches an artery to small for passage
Doesn’t have to be blood clot; can also be air, cancer cells, fat, bacterial clumps, or even a bullet that was lodged but broke free

7. Thrombosis Formation of a blood clot in a vessel
The clot is called a thrombus
Caused by unusually slow blood circulation, changes in the blood or blood vessel walls, immobility, or a decrease in mobility

8. Hematoma
Localized clotted mass of blood found in organ, tissue, or space
Caused by a traumatic injury that causes a blood vessel to rupture

9. hemophilia
Hereditary – sex-linked disease, transmitted from mother to son
Missing clotting factor
Blood clots slowly
Rx with missing clotting factor (through injections), avoid trauma

10. thrombocytopenia
Not enough platelets
Blood does not clot properly

11. Leukemia Cancerous or malignant condition
Overproduction of immature WBCs which replace the erythrocytes
Classified as acute or chronic
Acute: common in children, progresses rapidly, and may be fatal
Chronic: occurs more often in older adults, may not cause death
Also classified a myelogenous or lymphocytic
Myelogenous: affecting the bone marrow
Lymphocytic: afftecting the lymph nodes
Tx consists of drug therapy, bone marrow transplants, and radiation therapy
Research on cord blood

12. READ MEDICAL HIGHLIGHTS ON PAGE 251-252

13. Red blood cells
Concave shape

14. Sickle cells

15. White blood cells

16. platelets