Family Album Element Entries By: Ilyse Yanover, Jordan Yeck, Robert Trombley, and AJ Sipe!

Alkali Metals: Address: Group 1 Family members: Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium, Cesium, and Francium. Physical Characteristics: Shiny, malleable, Chemical Characteristics: Highly Reactive, give up one electron.

Background Information Parent: Johan August Arfvedson Birthplace: Sweden, 1817 Gender: Alkali Earth Metals Physical Description Symbol: Li Neutrons: 4 Atomic Mass: Melting Point: 181 o C Density: 0.535g/cm3 Protons: 3 Electrons: 3 Atomic Number: 3 Boiling Point: 1342˚C Looks: silvery white metal Chemical Description Valence Electrons: 1 Ion: Li +1 Oxidation Number: +1 Reactivity: Attributes Positive: Out of any solid element, Lithium has the highest specific heat Negative: Lithium is not used for structural applications Compounds LiCl – Lithium Chloride LiF – Lithium Fluoride LiH – Lithium Hydride

Lithium Sources =3503http:// = discovered-lithium.html discovered-lithium.html ounds.htmlhttp:// ounds.html

Sodium Protons: 11 Electrons: 11 Neutrons: 12 Symbol: Na Atomic Mass: amu Atomic Number: 11 Melting Point: °C Boiling Point: 883 °C Density: g/cm3 Parents: Sir Humphrey Davy Birth Place: England Birth Date: 1807 Gender: Alkali Metal

Sodium Positive Attributes: Metallic sodium is vital in the manufacture of esters and in the preparation of organic compounds. The metal may also be used to improve the structure of certain alloys. Negative Attributes: Sodium is potentially explosive in water (depending on quantity) and is a caustic poison, since it is rapidly converted to Sodium Hydroxide on contact with moisture. Compounds: 1.) Sodium Chloride – makes common table salt 2.) Soda Ash – is made up of sodium, carbon, and oxygen. 3.) Baking Soda – is made up of hydrogen, sodium, carbon, and oxygen. Chemical Description: Valence Electrons: One Ion: Na +1 Oxidation Number: +1 Reactivity: Very Reactive

Sodium Sources s/na.htmlhttp:// s/na.html sodium.jpghttp:// 01-sodium.jpg

Potassium Background Information: Parent: Sir Humphrey Davy Birth Place: England Birth Date: 1807 Gender: Alkali Metal Description: Symbol: K Protons: 19 Neutrons: 20 Electrons: 19 Atomic Mass: Atomic Number: 19 Melting Point: 63 o C Boiling Point: 770 o C Density: 0.862g/cm 3 Looks: Soft and Silvery

Potassium Chemical Description: Valence Electrons: One Ion: K +1 Oxidation Number: +1 Reactivity: Very Reactive Compounds: 1. potassium bromide (Potassium and Bromine- camera film) 2. potassium hydroxide (Potassium, Oxygen, and Hydrogen- paint remover) 3. potassium nitrate (Potassium, Nitrogen, and 3 parts Oxygen- Explosives) Attributes: Positive: Helps balance fluids in cells, plants need it to grow, and has nutrients for both plants and humans Negative: Can be used to make explosives

Potassium Sources nts/L-P/Potassium.htmlhttp:// nts/L-P/Potassium.html riodic%20Table%20Website%20Project/el ements/2/potassium/potassium.htmhttp:// riodic%20Table%20Website%20Project/el ements/2/potassium/potassium.htm elements/potassium.htmlhttp:// elements/potassium.html

Rubidium Rubidium was born in 1861 by Bunsen and Kirchoff in the mineral lepidolite by use of the spectroscope. Gender: Metal Physical: 37 Protons, 37 Electrons, 48 Neutrons. Density: g/cm3 Boiling point: 688 C Melting point: 39.3 C Specific Heat:. 363J g-1 K-1 Heat of vaporization: kJ mol-1 Chemical Description: 1 Valence electron, ion +1, oxidation number: 1, Very reactive. Compounds: Halides, oxides, sulfides. Positive Attributes: carries small amounts of nutrients to the bodies organs. Negative Attributes: Women who are nursing or pregnant should, as a precaution, refrain from taking rubidium supplements unless having first talked with their physician.

Rubidium Sources s/Pages/data/rubidium_data.htmlhttp:// s/Pages/data/rubidium_data.html

Cesium Parents: Gustav Kirchhoff Birth Place: Durkheim Birth Date: 1860 Gender: Alkali Metal Protons: 55 Electrons: 55 Neutrons: 78 Symbol: Cs Atomic Mass: amu Atomic Number: 55 Melting Point: 28.5 °C Boiling Point: °C Density: g/cm3

Cesium Positive Attributes: Can be used as a catalyst in the hydrogenation of certain organic compounds. Also removes air traces in vacuum tubes. Negative Attributes: Liquid at room temperature. Chemical Description: Valence Electrons: One Ion: Cs +1 Oxidation Number: +1 Reactivity: Very Reactive Compounds: 1.) Cesium Graphite – where the metal atoms position themselves between the planes of carbon atoms in the graphite crystal structure. 2.) Cesium Nitrate – is used as oxidizer to burn Silicon in infrared flares like the LUU-19 flare. 3.) Cesium Fluoride – is widely used in organic chemistry as a base.

Cesium Sources s/cs.htmlhttp:// s/cs.html m/cesium_compounds.htmlhttp:// m/cesium_compounds.html

Francium Francium was born in 1939 by Mlle. Marguerite Perey of the Curie institute, Paris. Gender: Metal Physical Description: 87 Protons, 87 Elections, 136 Neutrons Boiling point: 677 C, Melting point: 27 C Chemical Description: 1 Valence electron, +1 ion, 1 oxidation number, Very reactive. Because Francium is so rare its chemical and physical properties are not known.

Francium Sources element-francium.htmhttp:// element-francium.htm