South Dakota Boarding Schools By Stacy Connor, Diana Heintz, Kristy Bridges, and Sandra Nyenhuis

The South Dakota Schools Flandreau Indian Boarding School Red Cloud Indian School Crow Creek St Francis Indian School

Flandreau Indian Boarding School The early years

Mission Statement: Flandreau Indian School provides Native American students with the opportunity for a quality education.

History Opened in 1871 1893 – Known as “Riggs Institute” 92 students enrolled in 1893 Method of Teaching 1941 Choir In 1871 the school was opened as an Indian day school. In 1893, the school became known as “Riggs Institute” in honor of Stephen R. Riggs, a pioneer missionary among the Dakota Indians. Method of teaching: Students were not graded, all teaching was done through charts and pictures. Life from 1900-1940 Many students felt unfairly criticized by school officials who belittled them by commenting on their poverty and poor clothes. The students were frequently rebellious. For example: In 1918, Joseph was expelled from Flandreau after "attempting to burn down the Boys' Dormitory." Running away was the most popular form of protest.

Present Day Flandreau Indian Boarding School Gymnasium School

Present Day 60 tribes and over 30 states 99% of students come to the school from poverty and limited opportunity of life on a reservation. Member of a tribe or be ¼ Native American. It is the oldest Native American boarding school in operation within the United States. The students represent 60 tribes from more than 30 states. 99% of them come to the school from poverty and limited opportunity of life on a reservation. To attend this school one needs to be a member of a tribe or be ¼ Native American. The school continues to board students. They can only go home during Christmas and at the end of the school year. Their parents can also take them out for special occasions. This school is the oldest Native American boarding school in operation within the United States.

Progress Monitoring Program Graduation Rate is up to 80% Around 300 students Parents are the ones choosing to send their child to the boarding school. 99% of the students that come in as freshmen are below their academic grade level . Progress Monitoring Program Graduation Rate is up to 80% There are currently around 300 students, this number is down compared to the earlier years. Parents are the ones choosing to send their child to the boarding school. 99% of the students that come in as freshmen are below their academic grade level . The school is putting more focus on academics like reading and math. Flandreau school is trying to turn their programs around by testing students right when they arrive at the school and then monitoring their progress more closely throughout their years at the school. Graduation rate is up to 80% because of these changes and because the students that are coming in as freshmen are staying all 4 years.

Native American Studies Classes Native American Studies Success Academy This class mainly teaches about Lakota tribes, but other students share information about their tribes and where they come from. The Flandreau Indian School instituted a new program in 2000 called the Success Academy. Freshman and sophomores are required to attend a hands on workshops once a week at SDSU, exposing them to careers like engineering, nursing, and pharmacy. If they stay with the Success Academy, they can earn college credits their senior year, free of charge.  The goal of this program is to encourage students to go to college after high school.

Red Cloud Indian School

Mission Statement: To provide a quality education from kindergarten through high school to the Native American children on the Pine Ridge Reservation. The educational process at Red Cloud Indian School attempts to give lakota students the skills they need to compete in the larger society while retaining the traditional values and culture of the Lakota heritage. Course work includes a basic educational curriculum (Math, Science, History, etc.) as well as courses in ethics, religion, Lakota culture, Lakota religion, and Lakota language.

History 1888 – Holy Rosary Mission was opened by the Jesuits. 100 students by the end of the first year. 1969 – Name changed to Red Cloud Indian School The Red Cloud Indian School was opened by the Jesuits in 1888 at the request of Chief Red Cloud. By the end of the first year, the school had 100 students. In 1969 the name was changed to Red Cloud Indian School in honor of Chief Red Cloud who made it possible to found the school.

Present Day Private School Funding PreK-12 Teacher:Student Ratio 1:10 The Red Cloud School is a private school. It receives no federal funds. It receives 97% of its funding from private donations. There are 573 students and 55 teachers.

Future Education $50,000 Grant in 2008 $300,000 Grant in 2009 In 2008 and 2009 the school received a grants from different to help with their continued efforts to maintain the Lakota language.

St. Francis Mission

Mission Statement: The mission of St. Francis Indian School is to facilitate the best academic and cultural education with the highest expectations for our student and their families using a well-trained supportive staff in a safe and healthy environment

History 1877 – Requested a school from the President 1881 – The Jesuits invited to start a school Building financed by Katharine Drexel 1891 – Enrollment exceeded 200 students In 1877, Chief Sinte Gleska (Spotted Tail), leader of the Sicangu Lakota and Chief Red Cloud, leader of the Ogalala met with President Hayes to request the Catholics come to educate their people. In 1881, Chief Two Strike invited the Jesuits to start a school.

1933 – First Graduating Class 1964-1975 – Transition from Boarding school to Day school 1972 – Renamed St. Francis Indian School and turned over to the tribe In 1931, the school became an accredited high school. It wasn’t until 1933, that the first class graduated from St Francis. From 1964-1975, the school made the transition from being a boarding school to being a day school. In 1972, the school was renamed St Francis Indian School and turned over to the tribe to run.

1993 – Lakota Studies Program started Present Day 1993 – Lakota Studies Program started In 1993, the superintendent of St Francis, presented to the school board, a plan to start a comprehensive Lakota Studies program – it was approved and started right away. This was the first time that any type of Lakota studies would be started at the school since it opened.

Crow Creek High School

Philosophy of Education: The basic principles of the Crow Creek Tribal School philosophy are to recognize the worth and dignity of each individual, to help each young person become the best he/she is capable of becoming, and to provide him/her to implement the new challenges as well to utilize his/her heritage from past generations.

History Established in 1886 as a Catholic Indian Mission Started with 5 Yankton Sioux boys Early life at the school was primitive English language was insisted upon In attendance were also white children Crow Creek was established in 1886 as a Catholic Indian Mission It was started with 5 Yankton Sioux boys

Changes, growth, and improvement Education Size Funding Enrollment Tragedy

Present Day

Quotes

Today

References www.loc.gov http://www.nativeyouthmagazine.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=369&Itemid=89 http://www.fis.bia.edu/ http://www.keloland.com/News/NewsDetail6373.cfm?Id=0,68706 http://jaie.asu.edu/v35/V35S3run.htm http://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM1D4C Betty Belkham, Superintendent Flandreau Indian School

References http://www.lakotacountrytimes.com/news/2008/1218/tiwahe_wicoiye/032.html http://www.redcloudschool.org/ http://www.privateschoolreview.com_ov/school_id/25864 www.danielpaul.com/CarlisleIndianSchool.html http://www.sfisk12.org/ http://www.sfmission.org/history-culture.htm http://marquette.edu/library/collections/archives/Mss/SFM/SFMhistory.html

References