Properties and Performance of Textiles Yarn Structure

Looking Back Fabric is made up of yarns, which are made from fibres. Fibres and yarns are interlaces (woven), interlooped (knitted) or bonded together (non-woven) to make fabrics. Yarns are the basic components of all fabric construction  excluding non-wovens.

How fabric is produced Are the raw material used to make textile items. They are spun or twisted together to make yarns. Fibres Are made from fibres either natural or man-made. They are interlaced, interloped or bonded together to make fabrics. Yarns Are made from yarns . Different types of fabric are produced by different methods of joining the yarns or fibres together. Fabrics

Types of Yarns Staple spun Monofilament Multifilament Made from cotton, wool or manufactured fibres cut into short lengths. Properties Usually weak and uneven with poor lustre and durability. Good elasticity, resiliency and absorbency. End –uses  Apparel and furnishings Monofilament Made from one filament of a manufactured fibre such as rayon or polyester Properties  Fine strong yarn with good durability and lustre. Inelastic, poor resiliency and absorbency. End-uses  Hosiery and invisible sewing thread. Multifilament Made from 2 or more filaments of a manufactured fibre, such as rayon, polyester or nylon. Properties  Even, strong yarn with good lustre and durability. End-uses  evening wear and lingerie.

Yarn twist The purpose of twisting the fibres is to hold them together. The twist is the most important factor in determining properties. Without twist , yarns have little strength. A ply yarn is formed by twisting 2 or more simple yarns together.

Low twist vs high twist Good Resiliency Good Lustre Smooth Firm Good abrasion resistance Poor insulation Strong Quick Drying Good Elasticity Poor absorbency Poor resiliency Low lustre Soft Poor abrasion resistance Good insulation Weak Hairy Good absorbency Slow drying

Types of Spinning staple Spinning Extrusion Spinning Turns short fibres such as cotton or wool into yarns. Fibres are carded or combed in cotton production. Woollen and worsten processing refers to wool yarn production. Creates yarns by pushing a fibre forming substance through a spinneret. The substance will the solidify and form a fibre. Rayon, nylon and polyester are created by this method. There are 2 types of extrusion spinning – Wet Spinning and Melt Spinning

Activities Describe the difference between: melt and wet spinning woollen and worsted yarns combed and carded yarns Choose 1 natural fibre and 1 manufactured fibre. Using your own words and diagrams, create a flow chart on bubbl.us that shows the spinning process from fibre to yarn. Research how to hand spin yarns and use woolen fibres create your own yarn