1. Textiles
Natural
Manufactured

2. Fibers Basic Unit of all Textile Products- tiny hair like.
All fibers have their own characteristics and properties, depending upon their source, chemical composition, and quality.
No fiber is perfect. Each has some good, fair, and poor qualities that may make it suitable or unsuitable for certain uses.

3. Fibers con’t
The basic characteristics of a fiber can be slightly altered but never totally changed. The fiber may be short, long, straight, or curly. These fiber characteristics greatly affect the appearance, and performance of the fabrics they are made into.
The Characteristics you look for in children’s clothing are totally different that you would look for in evening wear for yourself.
An understanding of fibers, yarns, and fabrics if basic to the study of apparel.

4. Fiber Sources Natural- occurs naturally in nature
Cellulosic Fibers and Protein Fibers
Manufactured- is made from chemicals or natural fibers that are chemically changed
2 Types of Manufactured
Cellulosic and Synthetic

5. Fiber Sources Natural- Plant or Animal fiber that grows in nature.
Two categories:
Cellulosic Fibers (plant)- Include: Cotton, Linen (hemp), Ramie, Jute, Bamboo
Protein Fibers (animal) Include: Wool, Silk, Leather

6. Fiber Sources (con’t) Manufactured- (Cellulosic)
Made from a Natural material called Cellulose. The cellulose is turned into a liquid and poured through a spinneret. Includes: Acetate, Rayon, Triacetate, Lyocell.

7. Fiber Sources (con’t)
Manufactured Non-cellulosic (may be called “Synthetic”- Made from chemicals, petroleum, coal, and natural gas. All of these fibers are manufactured from different combinations of petroleum, natural gas, air and water. They are poured through a spinneret. Include: Acrylic, Polyester, Nylon, Modacrylic, Spandex, and Olefin.

8. Natural Fibers General Characteristics
Absorbent
Breathable- porous fibers
Biodegradable
Most Wrinkle, some exceptions
Often very luxurious, and more expensive than Manufactured Fibers

9. Manufactured Fibers General Characteristics
Low absorbency
Non-breathable
Wrinkle resistant
Usually less expensive
Heat Sensitive

10. Fiber Structures
Staple Fibers- Short & Fuzzy- Usually between 1” and 4” long. These tiny fibers already exist in a plant or animal. The fibers just need to be cleaned up, sorted, and purified before they are used for fabrics.
Short
Look lumpy and bumpy under a microscope
Include all natural fibers, except silk

11. Fiber Structures (con’t)
Filament Fibers- Long and smooth (like fishing line)
Include all man-made, and synthetic fibers
Include Silk
Manufactured Fibers can be cut to a staple length to create a fabrics that look like a natural fiber.
Spinneret- All man-made and Synthetic fibers are poured through a Spinneret to create the fiber.

12. Natural Fibers- Sources
Plants and animals sources that grow in nature
Cellulosic- Plant fibers
Cotton
Linen (flax)
Ramie
Hemp
Bamboo
Protein- Animal fibers
Wool
Silk
Leather

13. Manufactured Fibers- Cellulosic
Acetate
Lyocell (Tencel®)
Rayon

14. Manufactured- Cellulosic Sources
Made from a natural material called “cellulose.” Found in the plant wall of different plants.
General Characteristics:
Breathable
Wrinkles
Heat Sensitive
Absorbent

15. Manufactured Fibers Non-Cellulosic Sources:
Coal
Water
Air
Chemicals
Petroleum

16. Manufactured Fibers Non-Cellulosic General Characteristics:
Non Breathable
Wrinkle Free- Resilient
Non-absorbent
May be less expensive

17. Resources: http://www.elann.com/Commerce.Web/fibre_facts.aspx

18. The End…