Access Prior Knowledge Lesson 2: What causes earthquakes and volcanoes? Opening Activity Open Science textbook to page 266. Open Science folder to review vocabulary words and outline for the chapter. Open Science journal and answer the following questions: 1. How do animals adaptations help them survive? Re view Content Cards and Q-Cards in bin, sharing with partners quizzing each other quietly. Log in to clickers using student ID number. Be ready to review home learning when timer goes off. Don't forget to write your home learning in your agenda page 89A.

1Mountains are formed by the movement of Earth’s plates. Yes No Do you agree with the statement?

2Plates move very quickly. Yes No Do you agree with the statement?

3Earthquakes occur at faults, or cracks in the crust of Earth. Yes No Do you agree with the statement?

4Volcanoes can only form on land. Yes No Do you agree with the statement?

The Mantle and Core

Earth's Plates The lithosphere is broken into small and large sections called plates. All sections meet at plate boundaries (edge of plate). All of Earth’s plates move slowly (some slower than others) and they might move together, pull apart from each other or move past each other because of gravity and convection currents. These plate movements cause big changes on the Earth’s surface that can happen slowly like the formation of mountains and valleys over time or quickly as in an Earthquake. There are three kinds of plate boundary movements: 1. Converging plate boundary is when two plates collide, the crust folds, tilts and lifts forming mountains. 2. Spreading plate boundary is when two plates move apart from each other creating a rift valley on the surface of the Earth. 3. Sliding plate boundary is when two plates move past each other in opposite directions. First paragraph pg. 266

Earthquakes Earthquakes happen at faults, a crack in the crust, mostly at the plate boundaries. An earthquake occurs when plates lock in place and then suddenly jerk into a new position. Earthquakes are destructive forces that cause landslides and tsunamis. First paragraph pg. 268 Earthquakes

Volcanoes Most volcanoes form near colliding plate boundaries when rock partially melts to make magma as one plate moves below another plate. Volcanoes can also form on the ocean floor which can be constructive because forces that build new features such as islands when they reach the surface of the water. First paragraph pg. 270 Volcanoes

Plate Boundary Movements Converging Plates Spreading Plates Sliding Plates MatchQuest

TextQuest 1. What are the three ways the Earth's plates move? 2. What happens during an earthquake? 3. Between earthquakes and volcanoes, which is a destructive force and a constructive force? 4. How can the movement of the Earth's plates can change the surface of the Earth? 5. Where do most volcanoes form? Don't forget to write your home learning in your agenda page 89A.