Chapter Seven Ms. Tully AP World History Abbasid Decline and the Spread of Islamic Civilization to South and Southeast Asia Chapter Seven Ms. Tully AP World History

Islamic Heartlands in the Middle and Late Abbasid Eras Abbasid rule 750- 1258 CE Decline and distress apparent by mid 9th century Sumptuous living, civil war drain treasury Shi’a revolts, assassination attempts against Abbasid officials

Islamic Heartlands in the Middle and Late Abbasid Eras Peasant revolts about increasing taxes Rise of mercenary armies Freedom and influence of women declined Abbasid wealth generated large demand for concubines and male slaves

Divisions Within the Empire Provinces became independent kingdoms by mid 10th C 945 – Buyids of Persia capture Baghdad Seljuk Turks defeat Buyids in 1055 CE

The Impact of the Christian Crusades 1096 CE – Christian Crusaders invade Muslim territory Eight Crusades over two centuries Under Saladin Muslim recaptured crusader kingdoms in 12th century Intense European borrowing from Muslim world

The Islamic Golden Age Political decline and social turmoil were offset for many by the urban affluence, inventiveness, and artistic creativity of the Abbasid Age Flourishing of trade Rise of Persian literature – Rubaiyat by Oman Khayyam, Shah- Nama by Firdawsi

The Islamic Golden Age Major developments in math and science Al-Razi and Chemistry Developments in medicine Influx of Chinese technology

Religious Trends and New Invasions Ulama – Orthodox Muslim scholars  increasingly hostile to non-islamic ideas and scientific thinking Sufism (Sufis) – reaction against impersonal/abstract Islam 13th C – Rise of the Mongols Hulegu led Mongol assault on Baghdad – 1258 sacked Mongols expansion stopped by Mamluks

The Coming of Islam to South Asia Hinduism – adaptable, tolerant, flexible Islam – very different from Hinduism 8th C – Muslim traders bring Islam to India 711 – Sind (NW province) conquered 962 – Mahmud of Ghanzi led expeditions into N. India Muhammad of Ghur – Conquered lots of Indian territory 1206 – Creation of Delhi Sultanate by Qutb-ub- din Aibak

Islam in India Islamic civilization was enriched by Indian culture, while Indian achievements were passed to Arabs Colonies of Arabs along coastline Conversions usually won peacefully – Sufi missionaries, merchants

Islam in India Converts usually Buddhist or low-caste groups Hinduism not strongly impacted by Islam Islam succumbs to caste system; could not eradicate it Unfortunate consequences for women

The Spread of Islam to Southeast Asia Islam introduced by Arab merchant sailors in 7th & 8th Centuries Collapse of Shrivijaya empire in 13th C opened door for Islam Islam grew through peaceful contact and voluntary conversion Sufi allowed fusion of pre-Islamic beliefs with Islam

Global Connections Despite the political instability of the Abbasids, Islam’s central position in global history was solidified. Social strife and political divisions VS. expanding trade and intellectual creativity. Islam brought a global culture to nomadic peoples in South and Southeast Asia. The spread of Islam helps to create trade connections between various regions. Islamic cultural contributions range from intellectual discoveries to universities.