1 Fuel Pumps

2 Pumps 1.All oil burners for residential heating have pumps A. They are connected to a motor through a coupling 2.Description A. An oil pumping device B. A pressure regulating device C. A filter 1.All oil burners for residential heating have pumps A. They are connected to a motor through a coupling 2.Description A. An oil pumping device B. A pressure regulating device C. A filter

3 Manufacturers Production 1.Single stage pumps (One gear) A. Used on gravity feed systems B. Not to exceed 10” Vacuum 2.Two Stage pumps (two gears) A. Used where tank is below burner B. Determined by i. Lift ii. Horizontal run iii. # of fittings iv. Filter C. Suitable for 15” vacuum 1.Single stage pumps (One gear) A. Used on gravity feed systems B. Not to exceed 10” Vacuum 2.Two Stage pumps (two gears) A. Used where tank is below burner B. Determined by i. Lift ii. Horizontal run iii. # of fittings iv. Filter C. Suitable for 15” vacuum

4 3.Pump should be sized for complete system 4.Vacuum Criteria A. Expressed in inches B. Rules of thumb (for vacuum criteria) i. 1” of vacuum for ea. Ft. of vertical lift ii. 1” for every 10’ horizontal run iii. 1” for every elbow iv. 1” for oil filter v. 2” – 4” for check valves vi. 3” for firematic 3.Pump should be sized for complete system 4.Vacuum Criteria A. Expressed in inches B. Rules of thumb (for vacuum criteria) i. 1” of vacuum for ea. Ft. of vertical lift ii. 1” for every 10’ horizontal run iii. 1” for every elbow iv. 1” for oil filter v. 2” – 4” for check valves vi. 3” for firematic

5 Fuel Pump Limitations 1.Shaft seal limit A. 10 PSI 2.Single stage units A. Are not used i. Over 6” of vac on a 1 pipe sys. ii. Over 20” of vac on 2 pipe sys. 1.Shaft seal limit A. 10 PSI 2.Single stage units A. Are not used i. Over 6” of vac on a 1 pipe sys. ii. Over 20” of vac on 2 pipe sys.

6 Fuel Pump Parts 1.Pump A. Older style i. Bellows pump B. Newer style i. Gear driven C. Provides i. Suction for lift ii. Pressure for burner iii. Lubrication 1.Pump A. Older style i. Bellows pump B. Newer style i. Gear driven C. Provides i. Suction for lift ii. Pressure for burner iii. Lubrication

7 2.Pressure regulating valve A, Containing oil nozzle pressure B. Forces pressurized oil to the nozzle 3.Strainer screen A. Prevents sediment and contamination of the oil pump and the burner 4.Shaft seal A. Prevents oil leakage 2.Pressure regulating valve A, Containing oil nozzle pressure B. Forces pressurized oil to the nozzle 3.Strainer screen A. Prevents sediment and contamination of the oil pump and the burner 4.Shaft seal A. Prevents oil leakage

8 Single Stage Operation 1.One Pipe System 2.Oil Enters A. Through a Strainer i. To a Reservoir 3.Gear teeth A. Squeeze oil i. Discharge to pressure side 4.Pressure Build up A. Regulating valve discharges oil to nozzle 1.One Pipe System 2.Oil Enters A. Through a Strainer i. To a Reservoir 3.Gear teeth A. Squeeze oil i. Discharge to pressure side 4.Pressure Build up A. Regulating valve discharges oil to nozzle

9 Two Stage Pumps 1.Two pipe system 2.Same operation as single stage 3.Except A. First stage gear i. Provide vacuum and lubrication B. Second stage gear i. Provides pressure to nozzle Note: 2 Stage system needs two pipe with by-pass plug 1.Two pipe system 2.Same operation as single stage 3.Except A. First stage gear i. Provide vacuum and lubrication B. Second stage gear i. Provides pressure to nozzle Note: 2 Stage system needs two pipe with by-pass plug

10 Pump Service

11 Venting and Bleeding 1.One Pipe system A. Air can cause i. Pulsation ii. Change in flame iii. Nozzle drip B. Too Bleed system; Two Methods i. Start unit open Bleed valve ii. Open inlet port and feed by gravity 1.One Pipe system A. Air can cause i. Pulsation ii. Change in flame iii. Nozzle drip B. Too Bleed system; Two Methods i. Start unit open Bleed valve ii. Open inlet port and feed by gravity

12 2.Two Pipe system A. Two pipe systems are self priming B. If distance is too long add oil to prime the pump 2.Two Pipe system A. Two pipe systems are self priming B. If distance is too long add oil to prime the pump

13 Field Pressure and Cutoff Check 1.Two important pressure tests A. Disconnect the fuel line from nozzle port B. Insert pressure gauge C. Operate burner and adjust to proper pressure per manufacture specs. D. Shut it down and watch the gauge it should drop and stop i. If it drops again the pump is bad 1.Two important pressure tests A. Disconnect the fuel line from nozzle port B. Insert pressure gauge C. Operate burner and adjust to proper pressure per manufacture specs. D. Shut it down and watch the gauge it should drop and stop i. If it drops again the pump is bad

14 2.Pressure check while running A. Insert pressure gauge in either gauge port or bleed port B. Pulsating reading indicates i. Pump strainer is clogged ii. Oil Filter is clogged iii. Air in the Pump 2.Pressure check while running A. Insert pressure gauge in either gauge port or bleed port B. Pulsating reading indicates i. Pump strainer is clogged ii. Oil Filter is clogged iii. Air in the Pump

15 Field Vacuum Check 1.Use whenever there is a problem with the fuel pump 2.Procedures A. Install vacuum gauge in the inlet port B. Reading should be within requirements C. Rules of Thumb 1.Use whenever there is a problem with the fuel pump 2.Procedures A. Install vacuum gauge in the inlet port B. Reading should be within requirements C. Rules of Thumb

16 i. 1 pipe system 6” Vac ii. 10” on 2 stage iii. 15” on 2 stage 2 pipe D. Poor vacuum i. Air leak in suction line or fitting ii. Leak at pump gasket iii. Worn gears on pump i. 1 pipe system 6” Vac ii. 10” on 2 stage iii. 15” on 2 stage 2 pipe D. Poor vacuum i. Air leak in suction line or fitting ii. Leak at pump gasket iii. Worn gears on pump

17 Pump Servicing 1. The strainer is the only thing to service

18 Selection of Replacement Pumps 1.Best to replace one for one A. Follow MFG’s suggestions 2.Items to watch for A. Rotation B. Rpm of Pump C. Types of mounting 1.Best to replace one for one A. Follow MFG’s suggestions 2.Items to watch for A. Rotation B. Rpm of Pump C. Types of mounting

19 3.Discharge port A. Right or Left B. Read all pump info from shaft side 4.Shaft sizes A. 5/16” B. 7/16” C. Shims are available 3.Discharge port A. Right or Left B. Read all pump info from shaft side 4.Shaft sizes A. 5/16” B. 7/16” C. Shims are available

20 5.Noise A. Pump noise i. Worn Parts ii. Misalignment of coupling iii. Missing anti-hum device iv. Air in the pump B. Oil Line Noise i. Improperly fastened lines ii. Check pump for missing anti- hum device 5.Noise A. Pump noise i. Worn Parts ii. Misalignment of coupling iii. Missing anti-hum device iv. Air in the pump B. Oil Line Noise i. Improperly fastened lines ii. Check pump for missing anti- hum device