Enabling High Efficiency Power Supplies for Servers : Update on industry, government and utility initiatives Brian Griffith System Power Architect Intel Corporation Chris Calwell Policy & Research Director Ecos Consulting

2 *Third party marks and brands are the property of their respective owners Agenda  Importance of power supply efficiency  Server System Infrastructure (SSI) power supply efficiency requirements  Government & market programs to improve power supply efficiency

3 *Third party marks and brands are the property of their respective owners Why Is It Important to Reduce Computer Energy Use?  IT equipment consumes $8 billion of electricity every year (100 billion kWh)  Computer electricity use is growing over twice as fast (3.2%/yr) as total electricity use (1.4%/yr)  Reducing power saves money, reduces heat and noise, and improves reliability

4 *Third party marks and brands are the property of their respective owners Data Center Power Challenge Effect  Partially populated racks  Increasing energy bills Cause  Poor power delivery efficiency  Poor cooling efficiency  Increasing component power consumption Focus of presentation Power Consumed by a typical 1U System Total AC power consumed by a 300W DC system = 973W Note: See PTMS010; Optimizing Data Centers with Intel’s Platform Power Tools, for more details

5 *Third party marks and brands are the property of their respective owners Power Supply Efficiency Measurements Suppliers close to 80 plus and recommended SSI levels

6 *Third party marks and brands are the property of their respective owners Power Supply Efficiency Measurements Rack efficiency higher to help data centers

7 *Third party marks and brands are the property of their respective owners Importance of proper power supply Proper power supply sizing has a significant impact on system power consumption  Efficiency varies 55% to 84% depending upon loading condition and capabilities  Input power reduces by 15% - 24%  N+1 redundant power supplies run lighter loads & lower efficiency

8 *Third party marks and brands are the property of their respective owners Importance of Power Supply Efficiency How much power per rack? Typical low cost PSU = 70% High efficient PSU = 83% Typical usage = 50% of max rack max wattage range 2.2 kW kW / Rack savings

9 *Third party marks and brands are the property of their respective owners Importance of Power Supply Efficiency How much is paid for energy? Energy cost = $0.07 / KWh Full 42U Rack Typical low cost PSU = 70% High efficient PSU = 83% Typical usage = 50% of max Note: Does not include HVAC or UPS energy losses for cooling and backup conversion. Multiply by ~2x for data center level energy cost. $1,700 - $1,400 / rack energy bill savings

10 *Third party marks and brands are the property of their respective owners Importance of Power Supply Efficiency How many systems can fit? Typical low cost PSU = 70% High efficient PSU = 83% Typical usage = 50% of max 4-5 more systems per rack

11 *Third party marks and brands are the property of their respective owners The Business Case for Increasing Server PSU Efficiency Power Supply Price Range 83% Efficiency ≈ $90 per power supply savings annually on a 600W supply Note: Assumes 50% PSU loading and includes data center losses (UPS, distribution, cooling)

12 *Third party marks and brands are the property of their respective owners Why is Efficiency Important to Promote?  Power supply efficiency –Most running at 65% to 75% efficiency –Technology for 90% efficiency exists today –Price impacts easily pay for themselves  Effects –Improve data center rack utilization –Lower energy bill per system Reducing power meets customer needs; cooler, lower TCO, more reliable

13 *Third party marks and brands are the property of their respective owners Agenda  Importance of power supply efficiency  Server System Infrastructure (SSI) power supply efficiency requirements  Government & market programs to improve power supply efficiency

14 *Third party marks and brands are the property of their respective owners Server System Infrastructure  SSI will be promoting high efficient & power managed (PSMI) power supplies  Testing conditions align with ATX12V  Required and recommended levels –20%, 50%, and 100% loading Visit the SSI booth #46 and PTMS007 for more details

15 *Third party marks and brands are the property of their respective owners SSI Efficiency levels (proposed) Loading20%50%100% Required65%72%70% Recommended75%80%77% Rack efficiency at 20-50% loading critical to improve data center facility utilization Loading20%50%100%Required65%72%70% Recommended78%83%80% ATX & SSI pedestal (EPS12V, ERP12V) SSI Rack (EPS1U, ERP2U) SSI Industry specifications introduced to encourage more efficient power supplies

16 *Third party marks and brands are the property of their respective owners Agenda  Importance of power supply efficiency  Server System Infrastructure (SSI) power supply efficiency requirements  Government & market programs to improve power supply efficiency

17 *Third party marks and brands are the property of their respective owners Desktop and Server Power Supply Developments  CEC’s PIER program: –Test procedure –Efficiency measurements –  Server and UPS efficiency research –  60 power supplies tested  In-use power measurements conducted

18 *Third party marks and brands are the property of their respective owners Comparing Server Power Supply Efficiency Specifications PS Electricity Use Per Year Specification 20% Load 50% Load 100% Load kWh$ Typical Server 61%71%72%360$36 SSI Required (2005 proposed) 65%72%70%345$35 SSI Recommended (2005 proposed) 78%83%80%181$18 80 Plus 80%80%80%140$14 Note: assumes loading in the 20% to 50% load range for 425 W EPS1U power supply.

19 *Third party marks and brands are the property of their respective owners ENERGY STAR ITS 2004: EPA announces changes to desktop spec in upcoming Tier 1 revisions: ITS 2004: EPA announces changes to desktop spec in upcoming Tier 1 revisions: –Revised “Sleep” and “Off” power levels –Likely addition of “Idle” mode power requirement –Power supply efficiency requirements February 2005: EPA publishes first draft of Tier 1 revisions “Computers” section on contains latest information on draft spec.

20 *Third party marks and brands are the property of their respective owners Desktop and Server Power Supply Developments Timeline Plus recruitment begins ENERGY STAR spec takes effect 2007 ENERGY STAR ITS announcement Expected 80 Plus program duration ENERGY STAR spec revision  ?  Grandfathering period  ?  First 80 Plus qualifying units announced

21 *Third party marks and brands are the property of their respective owners 80 Plus: the Opportunity  Manufacturers can get paid now to be compliant with future ENERGY STAR levels  Create market differentiation and profit opportunities for innovators other than expanding power supply wattage  Escape from the “commodity trap” of the power supply business  Third party validation of efficiency & power factor to help market products in U.S. and internationally

22 *Third party marks and brands are the property of their respective owners 80 Plus Program Concept  Manufacturer buy-down program for efficient power supplies in desktop PCs and desktop- derived servers  $5 per computer incentive for PCs, $10 for non-redundant servers (EPS12V and EPS1U)  $3 per computer for marketing support 80 Plus power supply qualifications –80% efficiency at 20%, 50% and 100% load –True PF greater than 0.9 at 100% load

23 *Third party marks and brands are the property of their respective owners 80 Plus Funding Support

24 *Third party marks and brands are the property of their respective owners 80 Plus Qualifying Power Supplies  First 80 Plus compliant PS –Seasonic SS - 400HT –400W, ATX12V, PFC  More qualifying desktop power supplies expected in March and April  No qualifying server units to date  Visit 80Plus.org for more details.

25 *Third party marks and brands are the property of their respective owners 80 Plus Benefits for Manufacturers  Reduce heat and noise  Better rack and space utilization  Demonstrate industry leadership  Reduce TCO for customer  Positive environmental publicity  Tap into utilities’ $1.5 billion/yr of energy efficiency programs to promote products 80 Plus and labeling programs help manufacturers market more efficient computers and overcome price premiums

26 *Third party marks and brands are the property of their respective owners 2003-Early 2004 Measurements

27 *Third party marks and brands are the property of their respective owners Industry and Utility Specifications

28 *Third party marks and brands are the property of their respective owners Measurements

29 *Third party marks and brands are the property of their respective owners Summary  Reducing power meets customer needs; cooler, lower TCO, more reliable  SSI Industry specifications introduced to encourage more efficient power supplies  80 Plus and labeling programs help manufacturers market more efficient computers  Desktop experience so far illustrates what is possible with servers

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