CHANGE  Examine this diagram and describe what is happening without using the word “change”.

Change happens all the time.  Some examples of change are: volcanoes, climate change, forest fire, flood, mudslides, glacier melting

What is change?  Due to interactions, all plants, animals and their environment are in the process of becoming something else.

 Change can involve one or more type of species as they may be replaced by another type of species.

 Succession - is a series of changes in a land or aquatic community over time. The community changes over time. The community changes over time.  There are two types of succession.

Primary  I. Primary succession occurs where organisms have not grown before. It starts where there is no soil.  Examples: bare rock, new islands from volcanoes, tar/cement, buildings

Secondary  II. Secondary succession occurs when organisms grow after a major change. It starts when there is already soil.  Examples: forest fire, cut forest, flood damage, melting of a glacier, return of abandoned farmland to nature, heavily polluted streams, or where a natural community has been removed or destroyed.

Bare land  Plant matter absent

Annual Weeds lichens, moss, dandelions

Perennial Weeds and Grasses herbs, goldenrod

Shrubs – blueberry, willows

Sun-loving Trees or Young Pine - white birch, red maple, aspen

Mature or Climax Community or Shade Tolerant Trees or Mature Oak-Hickory Forest  Deciduous - mixed hardwoods, oaks, hickory, beech, sugar maple, ferns

 A Mature or Climax Community is the end stage of succession. This community stage is diverse.  Ecosystems are always changing even upon reaching the climax community (fire, climate change, nutrient availability).

Questions  Are the stages of succession the same for every biome?  Once the climax community is reached does change stop? EXPLAIN!

Fill in the stages of succession Fill in the stages of succession  Stage # ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ 

Aquatic Succession  Succession as a lake turns into a bog and then into a forest. A floating mat of vegetation extends progressively out from the shore, eventually covering the open water.  After thousands of years, the former lake will be covered with a forest.