1. Ecological Succession B A gradual process of change and replacement of the types of species in a community over time
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2. Ecological Succession
Ecosystems age because organisms change their environment in which they live.
Each new community that arises often makes it harder for the previous community to survive.

3. Primary Succession
Occurs on a surface where no ecosystem existed before like volcanic islands in the ocean or glacial retreat where there is no soil.
Slowest type of succession
Example Primary Succession pathway:
rock bacteria and lichens mosses

4. Lichen is a producer that is made up of a fungus and an algae
Lichen is a producer that is made up of a fungus and an algae. The algae photosynthesizes while the fungus absorbs nutrients from rocks and holds water. Together they break down the rock. They are important pioneer species.

5. Pioneer species
First organisms to colonize any newly available area and begin the process of succession.

6. Secondary Succession
Occurs on a surface where an ecosystem has previously
existed, such as areas that have been disturbed or disrupted
by humans, animals, or by natural processes such as
storms, floods, earthquakes, and volcanoes.
Most common type of succession
Can take hundreds of years
Example Secondary Succession pathway:
grasses and weeds taller grasses, like perennial grasses
shrubs soft wood trees (pine) hard wood trees (oak)

7. Climax Community
Final community in an ecosystem. What the climax community is depends on the biome in question. It could be a prairie, a deciduous forest, or a pine forest.
Community is stable until next disturbance occurs.

8. Phases of Pathway
When a farmer stops taking care of his field grass and weeds quickly grow and cover the abandoned land. The pioneer grasses and weeds grow fast and produce many seeds to cover large areas.

9. Phases of Pathway
Over time, taller plants (perennial grasses) grow in the area. These plants shade the ground, which keeps light from the shorter pioneer plants. The long roots of the taller plants also absorb most of the water in the soil leaving very little for pioneer plants.

10. Phases of Pathway
The taller plants soon get deprived of light and water by fast growing, soft wood trees (pines). Finally the slower growing hard wood trees like oaks, take over the area and block out the sunlight to smaller trees.

11. Secondary Succession

12. Aquatic Succession
Occurs as ponds are gradually filled with sediment and taken over by successive stages of plant communities.
Once the lake or pond is filled, a climax community occurs based on the biome type.

13. Aquatic Succession