Created by Tracy Glova, Daniela Nguyen, and Ly Truong. DANGEROUS DISASTERS Created by Tracy Glova, Daniela Nguyen, and Ly Truong.

TOP 10 DEADLIEST EARTHQUAKES Ten: The Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923 Nine: The Ashgabat Earthquake of 1924 Eight: The Hokkaido Earthquake of 1730 Seven: The Ardabil Earthquake of 1997 Six: The Damghan Earthquake of 856 Five: The Indian Ocean Earthquake of 2004 Four: The Aleppo Earthquake of 1138 Three: The Haiyuan Earthquake of 1920 Two: The Tangshan Earthquake of 1976 One: The Shaanzi Earthquake of 1556

10: THE GREAT KANTO EARTHQUAKE OF 1923 Date: September 01, 1923 Location: the Kanto plain of Honshu, Japan Magnitude: 8.3 on the Richter scale Duration: 4-10 minutes (11:58 AM) Death toll: 142,000 people Resulting damage: 381,000 houses were burned; 694,000 houses were damaged

9: THE ASHGABAT EARTHQUAKE OF 1948 Date: October 06, 1948 Location: Ashgabat, Turkmenistan Magnitude: 7.3 on the Richet scale Duration: Unknown (2:17 am) Death toll: 100,000 people Resulting damage: Brick building collapsed; concrete structure were heavily damaged; freight trails were detailed

8: THE HOKKAIDO EARTHQUAKE OF 1730 Date: December 30, 1730 Location: Hokkaido, Japan Magnitude: 8.3 on the Richter scale Duration: Unknown Death toll: 137,000 people Resulting damage: Landslides; power outages; road damage; a tsunami

7: THE ARDABIL EARTH- QUAKE OF 1997 Date: February 28, 1997 Location: Ardabil, Iran Magnitude: 6.1 on the Richter scale Duration: 15 seconds (4:37 PM) Death toll: 150,000 people Resulting damage: Road and electrical power line damage; all electrical communication was impossible; water could not be distributed; hospitals overflowed with patients

6: THE DAMGHAN EARTHQUAKE OF 856 Date: December 22, 856 Location: the Alborz mountain range (present-day Iran) Magnitude: 8.0 on the Richter scale Duration: Unknown Death toll: 200,000 people Resulting damage: The whole city, countryside, and mostly every near-by village within 200 miles of the epicenter were destroyed

5: THE INDIAN OCEAN EARTHQUAKE OF 2004 Date: December 26, 2004 Location: Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Maldives, and the eastern coast of Africa Magnitude: 9.1 – 9.3 on the Richter scale Duration: 8-10 minutes Death toll: 200,000 people Resulting damage: Tsunamis

4: THE ALEPPO EARTHQUAKE OF 1138 Date: October 11, 1138 Location: Aleppo, Syria Magnitude: 8.5 of the Richter scale Duration: Unknown Death toll: 230,000 Resulting damage: 600 guards in a citadel were killed, which was always destroyed; buildings and homes collapsed

3: THE HAIYUAN EARTHQUAKE OF 1920 Date: December 16, 1920 Location: Haiyuan, China Magnitude: 8.5 on the Richter scale Duration: Unknown (12:06 PM) Death toll: 235,502 people Resulting damage: Collapsed houses, damaged rivers, landslides, severe cracks in the ground

2: THE TANGSHAN EARTHWUAKE OF 1976 Date: July 28, 1976 Location: Tangshan, China Magnitude: 7.8 on the Richter scale Duration: 23 seconds (3:42 PM) Death toll: 779,000 people Resulting damage: No access to water, food, or electricity

1: THE SHAANXI EARTHQUAKE OF 1556 Date: January 23, 1556 Location: a 520-mile-wide area in China Magnitude: 8.0 on the Richter scale Duration: Unknown Death toll: 830,000 people Resulting damage: Caves collapsed, mounts and rivers “changed places”; roads were destroyed

TOP 10 DEADLIEST VOLCANO ERUPTIONS Ten: The Mount Galunggung Eruption of 1882 Nine: The Mount Kelut Eruption of 1919 Eight: The Mount Vesuvius Eruption of 1631 Seven: The Laki Volcanic System Eruption of 1783 Six: The Mount Vesuvius Eruption of 79 AD Five: The Mount Unzen Eruption of 1792 Four: The Nevado del Ruiz Eruption of 1985 Three: The Mount Krakatoa Eruption of 1883 Two: The Mount Pelee Eruption of 1902 One: The Mount Tambora Eruption of 1816

10: THE MOUNT GALUNGGUNG ERUPTION OF 1882 Date: October 1882 Location: West Java, Indonesia Death toll: 4,011 people Resulting damage: Unknown

9: THE MOUNT KELUT ERUPTION OF 1919 Date: May 19, 1919 Location: East Java, Indonesia Death toll: 5,110 people Resulting damage: Mudslides

8: THE MOUNT VESUVIUS ERUPTION OF 1631 Date: December 1631 Location: Gulf of Naples, Italy Death toll: 6,000 people Resulting damage: Many surrounding towns were destroyed by lava flows and randomly ejected boiling water from the volcano

7: THE LAKI VOLCANIC SYSTEM OF ERUPTION OF 1783 Date: June 08, 1783 Location: southern Island Death toll: 9,350 people Resulting damage: Dusty volcanic haze that created massive food shortages (the main cause of death after the disaster)

6: THE MOUNT VESUVIUS ERUPTION OF 79 AD Date: April 24, 79 AD Location: Gulf of Naples, Italy Death toll: 10,000 + people Resulting damage: the Roman towns of Pompeii and Herculaneum were completely covered in volcanic ash and destroyed; temperature reached up to 750 °F; victims were found with the tops of their heads missing because their brains had boiled and exploded

5: THE MOUNT UNZEN ERUPTION OF 1792 Date: 1972 Location: Kyushu, Japan Death toll: 15,000-17,000 people Resulting damage: an earthquake; a tsunami

4: THE NEVADO DEL RUIZ ERUPTION OF 1985 Date: December 13, 1985 Location: Caldas and Tolima, Colombia Death toll: 23,000 people Resulting damage: a mudslide that buried the city of Amero

3: THE MOUNT KRAKATOA ERUPTION OF 1883 Date: August 27, 1883 Location: The Sunda Strait of Indonesia Death toll: 36,000 people Resulting damage: 2/3 was destroyed; more than 6 cubic meters of debris went flying into the atmosphere

2: THE MOUNT PELEE ERUPTION OF 1902 Date: May 08, 1902 Location: Lesser Antilles (in the Carribean) Death toll: 40,000 people Resulting damage: city of St. Pierre was completely destroyed

1: THE MOUNT TAMBORA ERUPTION OF 1815 Date: April 10, 1815 Location: Sumbawa, Indonesia Death toll: 92,000 people Resulting damage: the year 1816 people known as the “year without summer” because volcanic ash in the atmosphere form the explosion lowered worldwide temperatures (it snowed in New England in June; 100,000 additional people died because of starvation due to crop failures in Northern Europe and North America