Presented by: BIODUN BLACKSON FIRE FIGHTING & ADMINISTRATION
CONTENTS Introduction Definition of fire, how it occurs, common causes & effects Classification of fires Extinction Methods Fire Prevention Fire routine & drills How to make offices & houses fire safe PPE Fire Extinguishers
INTRODUCTION This course will cover the following subjects: Acquire basic fire fighting knowledge Various causes of fire Prevention of fire Different classes of fire Fire fighting methods & techniques Fire fighting equipment
Basic Fire Knowledge WHAT IS FIRE? HOW FIRE OCCURS: Rapid combination of 2 Oxygen * or more substances or Heat * elements resulting in Fuel * production of heat and light CHEMICAL REACTION OXYGEN HEAT FUEL
COMMON CAUSES OF FIRE CARELESSNESS Overloading electrical sockets Playing with matches Use of boiling rings Lighting of candles etc Not switching of electrical current supply Naked light in flammable storage premises
COMMON CAUSES OF FIRE WILLFUL ACT / ARSON Violent political activities Intention to defraud insurance company Jealousy / enemies act Warfare Cover up crime Trade competitor
COMMON CAUSES OF FIRE ACCIDENT Thunder struck Earthquakes Volcanic eruption Land slide Rain Storm
EFFECTS OF FIRE Loss of lives Injuries Loss of property Disruption of Business High cost of renovation
CLASSIFICATION OF FIRES CLASS A Free burning materials – organic – papers, woods, textile CLASS B Flammable liquids – petrol, aerosol, diesel, tar, wax CLASS C Gases – methane, propane, butane CLASS D Metals – potassium, zinc, aluminium
EXTINCTION METHODS COOLING Limitation of heat SMOOTHENING Limitation of oxygen STARVATION Limitation of fuel
HEAT OR FIRE SPREAD 1. CONDUCTION 2. CONVECTION 3. RADIATION 4. DIRECT BURNING
FIRE PREVENTION INSPECTIONS OBSERVATIONS Existing facilities Fire prevention instructions Fire Routine / Drills Storage arrangement Training of staff Fire safety Certificate INSTRUCTIONS (signs/lables/notices) No smoking Highly inflammable Danger Keep of naked light Switch off when not in use
FIRE DEFENSE EQUIPMENT Portable fire extinguishers Rising mains Fire alarm/detectors Asbestos fire blanket Hose reels Automatic sprinklers Drenchers Water spray projection Hydrants
FIRE ROUTINE & DRILLS People who may be in danger act calm & orderly Escape plan is predetermined and practiced Evacuation speedy & orderly Trained people do their allotted duties
ACTION DURING FIRE DRILL RAISE THE ALARM EVACUATION CALL THE FIRE SERVICE ASSEMBLE ROLL CALL FIGHT THE FIRE NO ENTRY
FIRE SERVICE DELAYS Wrong or incomplete address Bad roads Long distance Traffic Double parking of vehicles HOW TO CALL FIRE SERVICE By running call By telephone – Tel: 767 or 112; , By base wireless set
SAFER HOUSES & OFFICES Smoke alarms Fire Action plan Keep exits clear Extra care in kitchen Extra care when cooking oil Special care with lit candles Cigarettes stubbed out Closing doors at night No overloading of electrical sockets Matches & lighters away from children Take care when tired or drunk Electrical appliance on standby Fueling of generator Fueling of lamps No gas cylinder in kitchen Inspect leaking gas lines
FIREFIGHTER PPE Helmet Protective Hood Protective coat & trousers Gloves Safety shoes & boots Eye protection Hearing protection Self contained breathing apparatus Personal alert safety system
PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS GROUP A – WATER TYPE GROUP B – FOAM TYPE GROUP C – CO² TYPE GROUP D – DRY CHEMICAL POWDER TYPE GROUP AGROUP BCROUP CGROUP D
USING FIRE EXTINGUISHERS Do not Panic Do not put water jets on electrical fires Refill used extinguishers Service extinguishers regularly Attach tag of service
HOW TO USE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS P –Pull pin A – Aim S – Squeeze S - Sweep
FIRE SIGNS
FIRE SIGNS (cont)