1 JUDGE OF STROKE, INSPECTOR OF TURNS & HEAD LANE TIMEKEEPER June, 2006

2 Judge of Stroke Stroke Judge Chief Stroke Judge Strokes and Turns Judge Turn Judge Judge of Turns Inspector of Turns For your information …

3 The Judge of Stroke

4 1.Inspect the technique of the competitor 2.Observe the turns and the finishes to assist the inspector of turns 3.Note all infractions, disqualify offenders 4.Inform referee of any disqualifications 5.Within 15 minutes shall inform the competitor and/or coach (if so instructed by the referee) 6.May be assigned extra duty of judging relay take-over. Function of Judge of Stroke

5 Turns Judge Judge of Stroke

6 1.Observe the swimmer, Commencing from the beginning of the last armstroke before touching and ending with the completion of the first armstroke after turning During the “touch” 2.Note all infractions, disqualify offenders 3.Inform referee of any disqualifications 4.Within 15 minutes shall inform the competitor and/or coach (if so instructed by the referee) 5.May be assigned extra duty of judging relay take-over. Function of Inspector of Turns

7 Turns Judges Judge of Stroke However …

8 Strokes and Turns Judge When serving as both you should be positioned to move between the side and the end of the pool.

9 Strokes and Turns Judge More typical is to find Strokes and Turns Judges observing the turn end of the pool.

10 Filling out the Card Write DQ clearly across the front of the card. DQ

11 Filling out the Card On the back of the card, Write the time of the occurrence 1:25 pm

12 Filling out the Card 1:25 pm at 50 m On the back of the card, Write the time of the occurrence Write the distance at which the DQ occurred

13 Filling out the Card 1:25 pm On the back of the card, Write the time of the occurrence Write the distance at which the DQ occurred Use correct wording to describe the DQ Non-simultaneous touch at the turn at 50 m

14 Filling out the Card 1:25 pm On the back of the card, Write the time of the occurrence Write the distance at which the DQ occurred Use correct wording to describe the DQ Sign the card; Print Your Name Non-simultaneous touch at the turn Bob Marley at 50 m

15 Disqualification Form At Cardless Meets, Typically a form with specific locations to be completed Including, The Event number The Heat number The lane number Swimmer’s name (used in Ontario – but not at Nationals or Trials) The time of the occurrence The distance at which the DQ occurred Use correct wording to describe the DQ Sign the card Present to Referee Ensure swimmer or coach has been told

16 Head Lane Timer Strokes and Turns Certified. who is also A Head Lane Timer is a Timer

17 Chief Timer Assistant Chief Timer { { { { { { Timers Strokes And Turns Marshalling Area Head Lane Timer Judge of Stroke

18 Head Lane Timer Responsibilities 1.Checking the swimmer’s name for each heat 2.Checking the swimmers are competing in relays in the order stated on the card or lane sheet 3.Taking splits – ensuring that 3 times (splits) are taken on the first leg of a relay 4.Ringing the bell on distance events 5.Judge relay take-over These are duties which the Head Lane Timer may assign prior to the start of the meet.

19 Head Lane Timer Additional Responsibilities  Ensuring no one touches the timing pads  Ensure 3 manual times are collected for swimmers in senior events and for swimmers with disabilities  Long Distance Events (800m and 1500m events) Verify completed lengths with Chief Timer Ensure split time for each lap is recorded Bell is rung oWith 2 lengths + 5 meters remaining oOver the right hand lane marker oContinuously from wall approach to the backstroke flags

20 Did you know? Swimmer may, Stop and stand on the bottom of the pool only in freestyle Hang on to the lane rope (to catch their breath) only in freestyle Come back under the lane rope if they have moved to an incorrect lane (provided in breaststroke they take only one stroke)

21 However, Swimmer may not, Walk on the bottom of the pool Push off from the bottom of the pool Pull on the lane markers

22 Overview of all Strokes The Start The Stroke The Turn

23 Breaststroke SW 7 Swimmer may take a single dolphin kick to be followed by a breaststroke kick after the start and each turn while the swimmer is completely submerged. Swimmer may take a single dolphin kick to be followed by a breaststroke kick after the start and each turn while the swimmer is completely submerged. Head must break the surface of the water by the time the arms have reached the widest portion of the second arm pull. Each stroke cycle must contain one pull and one kick in that order. During each cycle some part of the swimmer’s head must break the surface of the water. Head must break the surface of the water by the time the arms have reached the widest portion of the second arm pull. Each stroke cycle must contain one pull and one kick in that order. During each cycle some part of the swimmer’s head must break the surface of the water. The Start

24 The Stroke Breaststroke

25 The Stroke Breaststroke

26 The Stroke The arm pull must not go beyond the hips (except for the first underwater pull) The arm pull must not go beyond the hips (except for the first underwater pull) Breaststroke

27 The Stroke Breaststroke The elbows shall remain under the water except for …. … the final stroke before the turn, during the turn and for the final stroke at the finish.

28 Watch that the head surfaces once per stroke cycle. There must not be any water flowing over the head. The Stroke Breaststroke

29 Watch that the feet are turned outward in the backward movement. The Stroke Breaststroke

30 The Stroke Breaststroke

31 The Stroke Breaststroke

32 The Stroke Breaststroke

33 One more time … Watch that all movements of the arms are simultaneous and in the same horizontal plane. The Stroke Breaststroke

34 Watch for a simultaneous two hand touch. The Turn Head may be submerged. Breaststroke

35 The Turn Breaststroke

36 The Turn Breaststroke

37 The Turn Breaststroke

38 The Turn One more time … Breaststroke Watch for any alternating movement. Swimmer may take a single dolphin kick to be followed by a breaststroke kick after the start and each turn while the swimmer is completely submerged. Swimmer may take a single dolphin kick to be followed by a breaststroke kick after the start and each turn while the swimmer is completely submerged.

39 Questions? Breaststroke

40 Backstroke SW 6 The Start The head must have broken the surface not more than 15m after the start or turn.

41 Backstroke Watch for movement beyond the 90 degree vertical. The Stroke Legal

42 Watch for movement beyond the 90 degree vertical. The Stroke Not Legal Backstroke

43 The Turn … or the swimmer may roll over into a freestyle turn using a single or double arm pull, as long as it is part of a continuous turning action. During the turn, the swimmer may come in on their back, touch the wall and leave on their back. Backstroke Kicking into the turn is still allowed.

44 The Turn Backstroke

45 The Turn There is no disqualification for the lifting of the head during the continuous turn. Backstroke

46 The Turn Backstroke

47 The Turn When executing the turn, there must be a touch of the wall with some part of the body. Backstroke

48 The Turn The swimmer must leave on their back. One more time … Backstroke

49 Backstroke The Finish The body may be submerged at the touch. Upon the finish of the race the swimmer MUST touch the wall while on the back.

50 Questions? Backstroke

51 Butterfly SW 8 The Start Watch that the swimmer takes no more than one arm pull while totally submerged. This must bring the swimmer to the surface. There is no limit on the number of kicks executed. The head must have broken the surface not more than 15m after the start or turn.

52 The Stroke Butterfly

53 The Stroke Butterfly

54 The Stroke Butterfly

55 The Stroke Butterfly Both arms must be brought forward together over the water and brought backward simultaneously throughout the race (subject to the start and turns).

56 The Stroke Butterfly All up and down movements of the legs must be simultaneous. The position of the legs or feet need not be on the same level, but they shall not alternate in relation to each other.

57 The Stroke Butterfly

58 The Stroke Butterfly

59 The Stroke One more time … Butterfly

60 Arm Recovery is over general water level. The Stroke - Arms Butterfly

61 The Stroke - Arms Arm Recovery is not over the water. Butterfly

62 The Stroke - Legs One leg is allowed to be carried higher than the other. Butterfly

63 The Stroke – Legs Alternating kick (flutter) is not allowed. Butterfly

64 The Turn Watch for the two hand, simultaneous touch. Arms must be recovered over the water on the touch. Butterfly This picture shows an underwater recovery which is NOT permitted

65 Questions? Butterfly

66 Freestyle SW 5 The Start The head must have broken the surface not more than 15m after the start or turn.

67 The Turn Watch that the swimmer touches the end wall with some part of the body during the turn. Freestyle

68 The Turn Freestyle

69 The Turn Freestyle

70 The Turn Freestyle

71 The Turn Freestyle

72 The Turn One more time … Freestyle

73 Questions? Freestyle

74 Individual Medley SW 9.1 Fly Back Breast Free (MUST be any stroke other than Fly, Back or Breast) All strokes, turns and finishes must be performed within the rules assigned to that stroke. Watch that strokes are swum in proper sequence.

75 Medley Relay SW 9.2 Fly Back Breast Free (MUST be any stroke other than Fly, Back or Breast) All strokes, turns and finishes must be performed within the rules assigned to that stroke. Watch that swimmer and strokes are swum in proper sequence.

76 Medley Relay Takeovers Swimmer may start from the blocks or the pool deck. If warranted the swimmer may start in the water (water depth or SWAD). The person starting may be in motion as the swimmer arrives. The person starting may not lose contact with block until the arriving swimmer touches the wall.

77 Medley Races Watch that the swimmers swim in the proper sequence. Any other order is an infraction.

78 Questionnaire Please take 30 minutes to complete the questionnaire Please use the answer sheet. We will use the questionnaire for the correct answers. Remember! There may be one or more correct answers for each question.

79 1. The Judge of Stroke has authority/responsibility to: a) Also serve as a Inspector of Turns; b) Disqualify swimmers for any infraction of the stroke rules which he observes within his assigned zone; c) Serve as lane timer, if so assigned; d) If directed by the Referee, inform the swimmer or his coach of each disqualification and provide the rationale for the DQ; e) Advise swimmers of incorrect/inefficient technique; f) Inform the swimmer before he completes his race that he is going to be disqualified; g) Confer with the Referee or other Judges of Stroke as necessary.

80 2. The Inspector of Turns has the authority/responsibility to: a) Observe and judge the legality of the ‘approach’, the touch and ‘push-off’ of each turn in his designated lanes; b) Disqualify swimmers for infractions of the Turn Rules which he observes within his assigned zone; c) Serve as relay take-over judge, if so assigned.

81 a) Along the side of the pool; b) At the starting or turning end of the pool, overlooking the centre lanes; c) At the table with the Clerk of Course. 3. The Judge of Stroke should be positioned:

82 4. The Inspector of Turns should be positioned: a) At the starting or turning end of the pool, overlooking the lanes to be judged; b) Along the side of the pool, between the backstroke flags; c) At the table with the Chief Finish Judge.

83 a) Where you can move between the side and the end of the pool; b) Mid-way along each side of the pool; c) High in the stands where you can observe the entire pool. 5. When serving as both Judge of Strokes and Inspector of Turns, you should be positioned:

84 6. In BREASTSTROKE events, the swimmer can legally: a) Swim with the head submerged for the entire race; b) Swim with the head above the surface of the water at all times; c) Swim with the head submerged, provided it breaks the surface of the water at least once during each complete stroke cycle; d) Dive into the wall, submerging the head on the touch; e) Keep the head submerged after the start or turn, providing it breaks the surface before the widest part of the second arm pull is reached; f) Have the elbows above the water for the final stroke before the turns, during turns and at final stroke at the finish.

85 7. In BREASTSTROKE events, the swimmer can legally: a) Touch with one hand before the other at the turn; b) Touch with both hands simultaneously but at different levels; c) Touch with both hands simultaneously above, below or at the water’s surface; d) Allow the shoulders to leave the horizontal plane before completing the touch.

86 8. In BREASTSTROKE events, the swimmer: a) May be on the side when coming out of a turn, after the feet lose contact with the wall, before beginning the first arm-pull; b) May take two complete strokes (arm pulls and leg kicks) before breaking the surface of the water; c) May use a single dolphin kick followed by a breaststroke kick, while wholly submerged after the start and each turn; d) May permit the heels to break the surface of the water; e) May use the flutter kick; f) Must use the dolphin kick throughout he race g) May recover the arms on, under, or over the surface of the water, providing the elbows remain beneath the surface; h) May fully extend the arms beyond the hip line; i) May take a complete stroke cycle underwater for the purpose of returning to the correct lane.

87 9. In BACKSTROKE events, the swimmer may legally: a) Use a double arm pull; b) Use an alternating arm stroke; c) Use an inverted frog or dolphin kick; d) Use a flutter kick; e) Turn his shoulders past the vertical during the stroke; f) Be submerged after the start and after each turn, provided the head breaks the surface of the water by the 15m mark g) Turn onto the breast and immediately initiate a continuous turning motion; h) Scull towards the wall, if he has missed the touch, as long as he/she did not leave the back during the turn; i) After indicating a continuous turn, lift the head to determine the wall’s location without interrupting the ‘continuous’ nature of the turn.

88 a) Touch with both hands at the turn or finish; b) Touch while on the back, roll on to the front, grab the gutter and push off on the back; c) Turn before touching the end-wall with the foremost part of the body; d) Turn his shoulders past the vertical at the final touch; e) Dive into the wall and touch below the surface while still on the back; f) Be on the breast when leaving the wall after a turn, but return to the back before starting the first leg kick; g) Kick while still submerged, after a turn h) Kick during a continuous turn. 10. In BACKSTROKE events, the swimmer may:

89 a) Take more than one kick after the start and each turn before taking the first arm pull; b) Use flutter kick; c) Use the frog kick; d) Alternate between dolphin and frog kick at will; e) Swim with one leg consistently higher than the other; f) Recover the arms underwater during the normal stroke cycle; g) Alternate arm strokes; h) Trail legs with no kicking. 11. In BUTTERFLY events, the swimmer may legally:

90 a) Kick into the wall for a touch with one or more correct leg kicks and the arms extended; b) Recover the arms underwater to complete a touch; c) Touch below the water line; d) Touch with the hands at different levels; e) Touch with one hand before the other but at same level; f) Touch with one hand; g) Turn on to the side before the touch; h) Dip one shoulder going into the turn, before the touch; i) Be on the side coming out of a turn, before beginning the first arm pull; j) Complete any number of underwater arm pulls before returning to the surface after the start or a turn; k) Kick while on the side before beginning the first arm pull; l) At the start and after each turn, the swimmer may be submerged provided some part of the head breaks the surface of the water before the 15m mark 12. In BUTTERFLY events, the swimmer may:

91 a) Touch with one hand; b) Touch with one foot; c) Touch with two hands; d) Use the Breaststroke; e) Use the dog-paddle; f) Push off on the back after a turn; g) Push off the bottom after a turn; h) Alternate strokes at will; i) Swim submerged at the start and after each turn as long as the head breaks the water’s surface at or within the 15 m. 13. In FREESTYLE events, the swimmer may:

92 a) Retain the correct form of stroke until a legal touch has been completed; b) Attain the correct form of the next stroke in accordance with the rules by the beginning of the first stroke; c) Be free to turn in any manner after a legal touch has been made for that stroke; d) Remain on the surface of the water. 14. In the INDIVIDUAL MEDLEY, when changing from one stroke to the next, the swimmer is required to:

The last one-fourth of the distance in the INDIVIDUAL MEDLEY or MEDLEY RELAY: a) May be the Front Crawl; b) May be the Sidestroke; c) Shall be the Front Crawl; d) Shall be any stroke but the first three of the Medley.

The order of the strokes for the MEDLEY RELAY is: a) Butterfly, Backstroke, Breaststroke, Freestyle; b) Backstroke, Breaststroke, Butterfly, Freestyle.

The order of the strokes for the INDIVIDUAL MEDLEY is: a) Butterfly, Backstroke, Breaststroke, Freestyle; b) Backstroke, Breaststroke, Butterfly, Freestyle.

A Judge of Stroke/Inspector of Turns may disqualify a swimmer for any stroke or turn infraction which he personally observes: a) Whether or not the swimmer is in his assigned zone; b) Only if the swimmer is in his assigned zone.

A Judge of Stroke/Inspector of Turns shall, unless otherwise instructed, report the disqualification directly (verbally) to the: a) Meet Referee; b) Chief Finish Judge; c) Session Referee; d) Chief Timekeeper; e) The swimmer/coach within 15 minutes of the infraction, if so instructed by the referee.

A swimmer shall be disqualified for: a) Standing on the bottom of the pool except in freestyle; b) Walking on the bottom of the pool in the direction of the race; c) Using a stroke other than that specified for that event; d) Pulling on a lane marker in the direction of the race; e) Pulling along the side of the pool in the direction of the race; f) Leaving the water and then re-entering to complete the race; g) Holding on to a lane marker or pool wall to catch his breath; h) Interfering with the progress of a swimmer in another lane; i) Pushing off the bottom in the direction of the race; j) Breaking the stroke or the orientation of the stroke during the race except in freestyle.

In a relay event, when a relay take- over judge observes an early take- over, he should: a) Immediately inform the remainder of the team that they have been disqualified; b) Wait until the end of the race before informing the team about the disqualification; c) Immediately inform the Referee; d) Inform the Referee at the end of the race.

In a relay take-overs, the next swimmer: a) May start from the blocks or the pool deck; b) May start in the water when circumstances warrant (water depth/SWAD); c) May be in motion before the touch is made as long as the toes are in contact with the block or side; d) May return and touch the wall if he feels that his take-over was too early.

When a Judge of Stroke/Inspector of Turns notes the details of a DQ on the swimmers card, he should also: a) Indicate on the front of the card that the swimmer is DQ’d (i.e. a rubber stamp, bold diagonal line, etc.); b) Sign the card; c) Indicate the time the disqualification occurred; d) Record the distance at which the infraction occurred. NOTE: IF THERE IS ANY DOUBT, DO NOT DISQUALIFY

102 a) Ensure that the assigned swimmer is in his lane; b) Ensure that the correct time card is being used for each heat; c) Determine the finish time of the winner of each heat; d) Ensure that the correct times are being read and recorded in his lane; e) Determine the official time for his lane (when directed by the Chief Timekeeper); f) Ensure that one timer takes split times; g) Determine the placing of the swimmer in his lane; h) Notify the Chief Finish Judge, as directed, if the swimmer has made an apparent light touch; i) Operate the lap counters in long distance events; j) Judge the legality of relay take-over; k) Act as Turn Inspector if qualified and assigned; l) Ensure the swimmer in his lane is informed of his official time. 24. Some of the responsibilities of the Head Lane Timekeeper are to:

When an automatic judging and timing system is in use, the Head Lane Timekeeper should: a) Ensure that no one inadvertently contacts the touch pad; b) Ensure that three manual times are provided; c) Transcribe the automatic time from the display board onto the time card.

In long distance events, the Head Lane Timekeeper shall: a) Verify the tabulation of completed lengths with the Chief Timekeeper before ringing the bell; b) Delegate responsibility for tabulating lengths and ringing the bell to another Timekeeper; c) Advise the swimmer in his lane of the number of laps he has completed; d) Ensure that the split time for each lap is recorded (on the time card or other official form).

The bell for the bell lap: a) Shall be rung when the swimmer has two lengths and 5 meters still to be swum; b) Shall be rung over the right-hand lane marker; c) Shall be rung continuously as the swimmer approaches and leaves the wall (from the backstroke flags to the backstroke flags); d) Shall be rung for 800m and 1500m events only.

When judging takeovers, the Head Lane Timekeeper shall: a) Observe the touch-out and take-off from above the lane; b) Keep one finger in contact with the toe of the swimmer on the block; c) Advise DQ’d swimmers immediately, even before the race is completed; d) Observe the take-over from the side of the pool.

107 Always give the swimmer the benefit of doubt. You may be deceived by a splash You must be absolutely sure.

108 Thank you. Approved by the BC Swimming Officials’ Association