Introduction to the Federal Budget Process

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Presentation transcript:

Introduction to the Federal Budget Process Matt Hourihan April 13, 2015 for the Catalyzing Advocacy in Science and Engineering Workshop AAAS R&D Budget and Policy Program http://www.aaas.org/program/rd-budget-and-policy-program

The Federal Budget is Kind Of a Big Deal “Politics is who gets what, when, and how.” - Harold Lasswell “Budgeting is about values, and it’s about choices.” – Rep. Rosa DeLauro Every dollar in the budget has its claimants! Negotiation between competing interests (and their proxies) in a decentralized system Major impact for R&D and innovation: most basic research, and most university research, is federally funded

A Typical Federal Budget Process: Three Years, Four Phases Phase 4: Execute the fiscal year’s budget (not shown) Arranged by fiscal year (October to September)

The Federal Budget Cycle Phase 1: Internal agency discussions, planning, and review OMB is present throughout Early spring: guidance memo Science & Tech: Joint guidance memo from OMB / OSTP (midsummer) Agencies deliver budget justifications to OMB (early fall)

The Federal Budget Cycle Phase 2: OMB performs multi-stage review, responds to agencies (“passbacks”) Agencies and agency heads can and do negotiate Budget proposals are finalized in January President presents the proposed budget to Congress early February

The Federal Budget Cycle Phase 3: Congress receives and reacts to President’s budget, holds hearings IN THEORY: Approves budget resolution (simple majority) Approps committees write/approve 12 appropriations bills “President proposes, Congress disposes”

The Budget Resolution Overall spending framework Discretionary spending figure is divvied up by appropriations committees Budget resolution is a political document (which is why they can’t seem to pass one?) Reconciliation instructions? 302(b) allocations

The Federal Budget Cycle Gov’t is working on 3 budgets at any given time. Right now: FY15 in progress FY16: Budget resolutions; approps to follow FY17: Agencies ramping up

Broad Qualities of the System Decentralization “Embeddedness” Incrementalism

3. agency notes R&D STEM

For more info… mhouriha@aaas.org 202-326-6607 http://www.aaas.org/program/rd-budget-and-policy-program

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