1960s Politics I.Intro II.Election 1960 A.Candidates/Campaign III.JFK ( ) A.Style B.Domestic Policy C.Foreign Policy—Cuba D.Assassination IV.LBJ A.Style B.Domestic Policy 1.Civil Rights 2.Great Society Key Terms New Frontier Fidel Castro Bay of Pigs Cuban Missile Crisis Civil Rights Act Great Society

1960 Election (The Two Candidates) Richard Nixon ® ( ) John Kennedy (D) ( )

1960 Election (Results) Kennedy Nixon % Popular Vote 49.7% 49.5% Image Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Kennedy’s Style

Some Policy Successes Increased defense spending; created Green Beret Sponsored Peace Corps Expanded Space Program

New Frontier (Core of JFK’s Domestic Policy) 1.Fight poverty 2.Federal aid to education 3.Health care system for elderly 4.Civil Rights JFK failed to obtain passage of each proposal

Foreign Policy & Cuba Fidel Castro (1926?- ) Castro shaking hands with USSR leader Khrushchev

Bay of Pigs Invasion (April, 1961) CIA Plan To Overthrow Castro 1.US trained & equipped 1,500 Cuban exiles who would enter Cuba & start a revolution. 2.April, 1961 they landed at Bay of Pigs; it was a complete failure. Pushed Castro closer to USSR US wanted Castro dead-Operation Mongoose

Cuban Missile Crisis (October, 1962) Nuclear weapons were being installed in Cuba by USSR What?

Cuban Missile Crisis (October, 1962) How to eliminate nuclear weapons? A “blockade” of Cuba was established US agreed: not to interfere with Cuba. USSR agreed: to withdraw nuclear weapons Impact: In short run it eased US-USSR tension; in long run it led to arms race

Assassination Fall of 1963 JFK traveled to Texas to campaign for re-election. Walter Cronkite announces the death of President John Kennedy

Lyndon Johnson ( ) Former Senate Majority Leader Successfully obtained passage of many of his (and JFK’s) proposals ( )

Johnson’s Style

Civil Rights Act (1964) 1.Outlawed discrimination in public places. 2.Outlawed job discrimination based on race & sex. 3.A commission was established to enforce this act. Strongest civil rights legislation in almost 100 years

1964 Civil Rights Act “…we’ve just delivered the South to the Republican party for a long time to come….”

1964 Presidential Election Lyndon JohnsonBarry Goldwater

1964 Campaign Ad

1964 Election Results (LBJ = 61%; Goldwater = 38.5%)

Great Society ( ) 1.Economic Opportunity Act Low-income housing, vocational training & Headstart 2.Health care program for elderly (Medicare) & poor (Medicaid) 3.Federal funding for public education War On Poverty

New Frontier (JFK’s Domestic Policy) Johnson had succeeded where Kennedy had failed 1.Fight poverty 2.Federal aid to education 3.Health care system for elderly 4.Civil Rights Kennedy failed to obtain passage of each proposal

The Great Society Evaluated The Great Society improved many people’s lives, but poverty was not eliminated

2007 Poverty Guidelines Size of Family Unit 48 contiguous states & D. C. AlaskaHawaii 1$10,210$12,770$11,750 2$13,690$17,120$15,750 3$17,170$21,470$19,750 4$20,650$25,820$23,750 5$24,130$30,170$27,750 6$27,610$34,520$31,750 7$31,090$38,870$35,750 8$34,570$43,220$39,750 Each additional $3,480$4,3504,000

Consider: Minimum Wage (If one worker in a family works at minimum wage, will they be at (100%) or below poverty line?) Size of Family Unit % of Poverty Line %119% 283%88% 366.5%71% 455.3%59% 547.4%50% 641.4%44%

1960s Politics I.Intro II.Election 1960 A.Candidates/Campaign III.JFK ( ) A.Style B.Domestic Policy C.Foreign Policy—Cuba D.Assassination IV.LBJ A.Style B.Domestic Policy 1.Civil Rights 2.Great Society Key Terms New Frontier Fidel Castro Bay of Pigs Cuban Missile Crisis Civil Rights Act Great Society