Ionizing Radiation

Locations of ionizing radiation in our facility v Type, quantity, and use v Radioactive material is any material that emits, by spontaneous nuclear disintegration, corpuscular or electromagnetic emanations 1a

Restricted/high radiation areas - definitions v Restricted area v Unrestricted area v Radiation area v High radiation area 2a

Restricted/high radiation areas - definitions v Airborne radioactivity area v Air dose v Dose v Rad 2b

Restricted/high radiation areas - definitions v Rem v Refer to section on signs and markings 2c

Potential safety problems v Exposed personnel v Hazards of the facility v Materials handled 3a

Potential safety problems v Exposures in restricted areas are strictly limited v Instances where employees may receive doses greater than those permitted 3b

Minimizing employee exposure v Surveys v Evaluation of radiation hazards v Use, release, disposal, presence of radioactive material 4a

Minimizing employee exposure v Physical surveys v Employee participation v Proper storage v Waste disposal requirements 4b

Monitoring v Monitoring equipment Film badgesFilm badges Pocket chambersPocket chambers Pocket dosimetersPocket dosimeters Film ringsFilm rings 5a

Monitoring v Employees required to have personal monitoring equipment: Those who work in restricted areasThose who work in restricted areas Those who work in restricted areas who are under 18 years of ageThose who work in restricted areas who are under 18 years of age Those who work in high radiation areasThose who work in high radiation areas 5b

Signs and markings v Radiation areas must have signs bearing the radiation caution symbol and the words: 6a

Signs and markings v High radiation areas must have a sign or signs bearing the radiation caution symbol and the words: 6b

Signs and markings v Each high radiation area has a control device that: reduces the radiation levelreduces the radiation level starts a conspicuous visible or audible alarm signalstarts a conspicuous visible or audible alarm signal v Devices are not required for radiation levels established for a period of 30 days or less 6c

Signs and markings v Airborne radiation areas must have a sign or signs bearing the radiation caution symbol and the words: 6d

Signs and markings v Regardless of designation, each room where radioactive material is used or stored in specific quantities must have a sign or signs with: 6e

Signs and markings v Each room in which natural uranium or thorium is stored in specific quantities must have a sign with: 6f

Signs and markings v Posting exemptions Presence of sealed sourcesPresence of sealed sources Rooms with patients containing radioactive materialRooms with patients containing radioactive material Rooms containing radioactive materials for periods less than 8 hoursRooms containing radioactive materials for periods less than 8 hours 6g

Signs and markings v Posting exemptions Materials are constantly attended by an individualMaterials are constantly attended by an individual The area is subject to the employer’s controlThe area is subject to the employer’s control 6h

Warning signal systems v Location v Characteristics - must be distinct v Systems are automatic and have their own power supply 7a

Reports and records v Records of radiation exposure are reviewed for employees for whom monitoring is required v Individual exposure is reviewed and reported on an annual basis 8a

Reports and records v Employees who leave the company can get a copy of exposure reports v Incident reporting requirements v Requirements for employees not covered by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission 8b

Standard operating procedures v A copy of the standard must be made available to employees 9a