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11017133/0409 Copyright ©2004 Business and Legal Reports, Inc. BLR’s Safety Training Presentations Ionizing Radiation 29 CFR 1910.1096.

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Presentation on theme: "11017133/0409 Copyright ©2004 Business and Legal Reports, Inc. BLR’s Safety Training Presentations Ionizing Radiation 29 CFR 1910.1096."— Presentation transcript:

1 11017133/0409 Copyright ©2004 Business and Legal Reports, Inc. BLR’s Safety Training Presentations Ionizing Radiation 29 CFR 1910.1096

2 11017133/0409 Copyright ©2004 Business and Legal Reports, Inc. Goals Ionizing Radiation and Health Effects Preventing and Reducing Exposure Quiz

3 11017133/0409 Copyright ©2004 Business and Legal Reports, Inc. Ionizing Radiation Electrons removed from atoms Unstable atoms or radioactive decay Natural or by human activities Alpha and beta particles, gamma rays X rays

4 11017133/0409 Copyright ©2004 Business and Legal Reports, Inc. Alpha Particles Positively charged Emitted from uranium and radium Do not penetrate far Not a hazard outside the body Harmful if ingested or inhaled

5 11017133/0409 Copyright ©2004 Business and Legal Reports, Inc. Beta Particles Positive or negative electrons Emitted from tritium, carbon-14, strontium-90 Capable of penetrating skin More hazardous when inhaled or ingested Stopped by clothing or aluminum foil

6 11017133/0409 Copyright ©2004 Business and Legal Reports, Inc. Gamma Rays Packets of energy called photons No charge or mass, very penetrating Emitted from potassium-40, plutonium-239 Absorbed by tissue Only stopped by thick concrete or lead

7 11017133/0409 Copyright ©2004 Business and Legal Reports, Inc. X Rays High-energy photons Like gamma rays, with different origin Lower energy, less penetrating X-ray machines in medicine and industry Largest source of manmade radiation

8 11017133/0409 Copyright ©2004 Business and Legal Reports, Inc. Sources of Radiation Natural radiation –Sun, cosmic rays –Elements in the earth’s crust Manmade radiation –Medical facilities –Nuclear reactors –Radioactive waste –Consumer products

9 11017133/0409 Copyright ©2004 Business and Legal Reports, Inc. Ionizing Radiation In Health Care Used in diagnosis, treatment, and lab work Radioactivity from exposure Exposure from equipment Exposure from storage and disposal Avoid overexposure

10 11017133/0409 Copyright ©2004 Business and Legal Reports, Inc. Potential Health Effects Depends on level of exposure Affects the person exposed Can affect future generations Massive tissue damage and death

11 11017133/0409 Copyright ©2004 Business and Legal Reports, Inc. Results of Exposure Cell damage or cell death Abnormal cells—cancer Damage depends on time, dose, and organ exposed Evidence of exposure may not be noticed for years Long-term vs. short-term exposure Causes other than radiation

12 11017133/0409 Copyright ©2004 Business and Legal Reports, Inc. Chronic Exposure Low levels of radiation over a long time period Effects observed some time after initial exposure Genetic effects, cancer, lesions, tumors, cataracts, congenital defects

13 11017133/0409 Copyright ©2004 Business and Legal Reports, Inc. Acute Exposure Large, single dose of radiation Accidents or special medical procedures Immediate effects— radiation sickness Delayed effects—cataracts, sterility, cancer Death within a few hours or days

14 11017133/0409 Copyright ©2004 Business and Legal Reports, Inc. Risks of Health Effects Background levels of radiation Radiation accumulation More cancer as exposure increases Effects of low exposures are only estimates No radiation exposure is risk free

15 11017133/0409 Copyright ©2004 Business and Legal Reports, Inc. Goals Ionizing Radiation and Health Effects Preventing and Reducing Exposure Quiz

16 11017133/0409 Copyright ©2004 Business and Legal Reports, Inc. Radiation in Restricted Areas Limits of exposure: 1 1 / 4 rems: Whole body 18 3 / 4 rems: Hands and feet 7 1 / 2 rems: Skin

17 11017133/0409 Copyright ©2004 Business and Legal Reports, Inc. Radiation Areas Radiation Area –5 millirem dose in 1 hour –“Caution – Radiation Area” High Radiation Area –100 millirem dose in 1 hour –“Caution – High Radiation Area” –Control device or alarm

18 11017133/0409 Copyright ©2004 Business and Legal Reports, Inc. Effects of Whole-Body Dosages 1 rem—no detectable effects 10-20 rems—reduced white blood cells 600 rems—disability and death 0.0004 rem/day background

19 11017133/0409 Copyright ©2004 Business and Legal Reports, Inc. Stay Within Exposure Limits Stay below permissible exposure levels Wear monitoring devices Record and report measurements

20 11017133/0409 Copyright ©2004 Business and Legal Reports, Inc. Avoid Radiation Exposure Limit exposure time Shield radiation source Wear PPE Stay behind a protective shield

21 11017133/0409 Copyright ©2004 Business and Legal Reports, Inc. PPE Protective clothing Lead aprons Leaded goggles Gloves

22 11017133/0409 Copyright ©2004 Business and Legal Reports, Inc. Evacuation Warning Signal 75 decibels Unique in the facility Minimum duration Sounds automatically Power back-up

23 11017133/0409 Copyright ©2004 Business and Legal Reports, Inc. Notification of Incidents to OSHA Immediately24 hours Whole body:25 rems5 rems Skin exposed:150 rems30 rems Feet or hands:375 rems75 rems

24 11017133/0409 Copyright ©2004 Business and Legal Reports, Inc. Medical Surveillance Medical clearance Periodic checkups Medical records review Notification if overexposed

25 11017133/0409 Copyright ©2004 Business and Legal Reports, Inc. Goals Ionizing Radiation and Health Effects Preventing and Reducing Exposure Quiz

26 11017133/0409 Copyright ©2004 Business and Legal Reports, Inc. Summary Learn about ionizing radiation Know about the sources of radiation in your workplace Stay out of restricted areas Wear PPE Recognize the evacuation signal

27 11017133/0409 Copyright ©2004 Business and Legal Reports, Inc. Quiz 1.Why are alpha emitting substances not a serious hazard when outside the body? 2.What can stop beta particles? 3.What type of ionizing radiation can only be stopped by thick concrete or lead? 4.What is the largest source of manmade radiation? 5.How does radiation exposure impact future generations? 6.Name some immediate effects of acute exposure.

28 11017133/0409 Copyright ©2004 Business and Legal Reports, Inc. Quiz (cont.) 7.What is an effect of a 10-20 rem exposure? 8.Name a way to avoid radiation exposure. 9.What does radiation protective clothing contain? 10.How loud should the evacuation warning alarm be?

29 11017133/0409 Copyright ©2004 Business and Legal Reports, Inc. Quiz Answers 1.Alpha particles are absorbed by the outer, dead layer of skin and do not penetrate 2.Clothing or aluminum foil 3.Gamma rays 4.X rays 5.Damages cell DNA, causing genetic mutations in future generations 6.Radiation sickness—gastrointestinal disorders, bacterial infections, hemorrhaging, anemia, etc.

30 11017133/0409 Copyright ©2004 Business and Legal Reports, Inc. Quiz Answers (cont.) 7.Reduced white blood cell count 8. Wear PPE, stay behind protective shields 9.Lead 10.At least 75 decibels

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