1. Overview four basic techniques 1. Muscle-technik Messurment in a stretched position Apply the base in a neutral postion Stretch the muscle and the tissues Apply the tape with no stretch 2. Ligament-technik Open the release papier Take the tape aat the two outside bases and stretch the tape Stretch the middle part as much as you wish and apply at the skin Apply both ends with no tension 3. Fascia-technik Apply the base in a neutral position of the fascia Pull the base and bring the skin in a wished position The „free“ base follows the tales 4. Correctional-technik Mechanical Correctional Typ 1 Apply the base and fix it with you finger or your hand Stretch the tales and apply it on the skin Apply the ends with no tension Power of the stretch goes in direction of the base 1

1.1. Muscle-technique 2 „Sacrospinale system“ Notice 3 Picture 1: The lenght of the tape you measure in the stretched position of the are. Picture 2: Apply the base in neutral postition in the area of the sacrum. Picture 3: Stretch the skin and the soft tissues as much as possible (accept pain). 4 5 6 Picture 4: The tails and the ends apply with no stretch in the area of the muscle. Pictures 5/6: Back in neutral position you have to see the Convolutions. Effects: To strength a weak or a not correct reacticve muscle Plus the effects of the convulutions The power of the strips will go soft back to the base. Notice 2

1.2. Ligament- or Space-technique „Lower back“ 1 2 3 Picture 1: The lenght of the tape will be around two crossfinger over the muscle application. (Variation possible). Picture 2: So far before there was a muscle application the patient has to stretcht the area till the convolutions disapear. The middle part stretch as the much as the target is and apply then the tape Picture 3: The both ends apply with no tension. 4 5 Pictures 4/5: Finished application. Effects: By stretching the tape, energy will storage in the tape. After the application this energy will bring the tape and the tissues a little in direction of the middle. Depending on the stretch you will get stabilation or space. Notice 3

1.3. Ligament- or Paincross 2 3 Picture 1: Ligament-technique apply vertical Picture 2: The next two techniques do cross in the area of the pain Picture 3: Ligament-Technique apply horizontal 1.4. Triggerpoint Apply 3-4 small Ligament-techniques Crossed in the area of the trigger point. Notice 4

1.5. Fascia-technique 5 Pictures 3/4: Apply the ends with no stretch. 2 Picture 1: Apply the base with no stretch. Picture 2: Pull soft with soft vibrations on the tales to change slightly the base. Apply always during the pulling small parts of the tails.. 3 4 Pictures 3/4: Apply the ends with no stretch. Effects: By pulling the tales the base will following this direction and the skin and the fascia could changed in a „wished“ postion. With this application you will get change of the positioning and tension of the skin, fascia and other tissues. The Y-shape you especially can use for pain points. You can put it in the middles of the Y. Notice 5

1.6. Correctional-technique 2 3 1 Picture 1: Apply the base with no stretch. Picture 2: Fix the base. Now you can stretch the tails from moderate till maximum. Picture 3: Apply the ends with no stretch. Picture 4: Finishes application. 4 Effects: By fixing the base, the power of the tales will come back to the base.(rubber effect). With this application you can change positioning and tension of skin, fascia, soft tissures, but also bones like the patella. With this application you can get more structural and sensitive input for as with the fascia-technique. Notice 6

Screening of the dorsal myofascial chain Generell tests for the dorsal myofascial system/ chain: 1. Upper Spine Test 2. Lower Spine Test 3. SLR or Laseque Test 7

Screening of the ventral myofascial chain Generell tests for the dorsal myofascial system/ chain: 1. Cervical Extension Test 2. Thorax Test 3. Abdominal Pressure Test 4. Globaltest: Hyperextension of the body 8

Screening of the diagonal myofascial chain Generell tests for the dorsal myofaszcale system/ chain: 1. Upper Extremity Test 2. Thorax Test 3. Abdominal Pressure Test 4. Patrick Test 9

2. Lower Spine Test 10 Possible muscles to be tested: M. sacrospinalis M. quadratus lumborum M. iliocostalis lumborum M. psoas major M. illiacus   Patient lies supine and performs an assistive flexion of the entire spine.   The therapist should assess the following especially in the lower back: Pain at the starting point, during and/or at the end of the movement 2. Can the patient perform the movement themselves - only partially or full range of motion possible? 3. Are there sensitive zones on the skin (soft tissue zones, headache zones, etc) 4. Flexibility of the skin on the dorsal side 5. Folding/wrinkles of the tissue on the ventral side 6. Fascial mobility (in relaxed position) 7. Check the temperature of the tissue and the energetic radiation This test is positive, if one or more factors are abnormal. Test in the standing position 10

2.1. Sacrospinal muscle system 3 Picture 1: The lenght of the tape you measure in the stretched position of the are. Picture 2: Apply the base in neutral postition in the area of the sacrum. Picture 3: Stretch the skin and the soft tissues as much as possible (accept pain). 4 5 6 Picture 4: The tails and the ends apply with no stretch in the area of the muscle. Pictures 5/6: Back in neutral position you have to see the convolutions. Effects: To strength a weak or a not correct reacticve muscle Plus the effects of the convulutions The power/direction of the strips will go soft back to the base Notice 11

Remodeling techniques Expansions Zones, scars, operation, burning wounds, ... 1 2 3 Pic. 1: Expansion below the belly bottom Pic. 2: Stretch the Tape gentle ( 25 %) and then apply it with „pressure“ in the tissue. Pic. 3: Complete appication: now the tissue is a little more inside Shrinkings Zones, scars, operation, burning wounds, ... 4 5 6 Pic. 4: Tissue is more inside Pic. 5: Stretch the tissue as much as possible e.g extension, lift the arms breath in … and then the tape will be applied with no tension Pic. 6: Complete application: now the tissue is a little more outside . Effects: Balancing of body shapes to get better body functions 12

3. Upper Spine Test 13 Possible muscles to be tested: M. trapezius M. latissimus dorsi M. levator scapulae M. erector trunci Patient lies supine and through an assistive movement goes into spinal flexion up to TH12. The therapist assesses the following:   Pain at the starting point, during and/or at the end of the movement 2. Can the patient perform the movement themselves - only partially or full range of motion possible? 3. Are there sensitive zones on the skin (soft tissue zones, Head zones etc) 4. Flexibility of the skin on the dorsal side 5. Folding/ wrinkles of the tissue on the ventral side 6. Fascial mobility (in stretched and relaxed position) 7. Check the temperature of the tissue and the energetic radiation This test is positive, if one or more factors are abnormal.  Test in the standing position 13

3.1. M. trapezius (pars descendens) Picture 1: Possible version: Base is applied in neutral over the inferior tip of the acromium. 1 Picture 2: Bring the muscle into maximum stretch: Originally application: lateral flexion and rotation to the opposite side, cervical flexion. Anatomically: Lateral flexion to the opposite side and rotation to the same sid with cervical flexion. 2 Picture 3: Apply the tape along the body of the muscle ending at the base of the hair line. 3 Notice 14

4. Thorax Test 15 Possible Muscle to be tested: M. rhomboideus major M. rhomboideus minor M. sternocleidomastoideus M. pectoralis minor M. diaphragma Mm. intercostales The patient lies supine, the therapist assesses the thorax.   Observation: asymmetries, scars, zones, problems with the fascia. Palpation: flexibility of fascia and complications (zones) in this region Pressure test of the ribs and underlying tissue and organs. The test is positive if you find pain, changes to the fascia or skin or other abnormalities. Notice 15

4.1. M. rhomboideus major 1 2 Picture 1: Centre of tape is applied medial of the medial border of the scapula (X-shape). Picture 2: Roll both shoulders forward / down and then flex the neck to fully stretch the tissues. Apply the superior strip towards TH2 and the inferior strip to TH5. 3 4 Pictures 4 /5: Apply the lateral strips of tape in the same manner and angle as above. Picture 5: Final application. 5 Notice 16

5. Upper Extremity Test 17 Possible muscles to be tested:   Chest – M. pectoralis major Shoulder and arm muscles Muscles of the hand due to large representation area in our cortex! The patient is seated on a chair. The therapists grips into the palm of the patients hand and passively/assistiv brings the arm into outward rotation (behind vertical line), horizontal abduction.   The norm is 0° horizontal abduction and ability to bring shoulder/arm by rotation behind the vertical. The test is positive, if range of movement is not 100%, there is pain or other restrictive factors are noted. Additionally therapist should assess the following: presence and flexibility of scars and fascia anteriorly and posteriorly. Folding of the skin over posterior thoracic area as well as into the posterior arm. Notice 17

5.1. M. deltoideus 1 2 Picture 1: Base: apply in neutral position below the deltoid tuberosity. Picture 2: Bring ventral section of deltoid muscle into full stretch and apply tape on anterior border of muscle. 3 4 Picture 3: Bring dorsal section of the muscle into full stretch and apply the tape on posterior border of muscle. Picture 4: Final Application. Notice 18

* 5.2. M. supraspinatus 5.3. Impingement-Syndrom 19 Picture 1: Base is applied in neutral postion in the area of the insertion. Will be there a painpoint, then the tape will applied in a little distant of the point. 1 Stretch the muscle and the fascia. Apply tape along fossa supraspinatus surrounding of the body of the muscle. 5.3. Impingement-Syndrom Picture 3: Fascia-technique. * Base: anterior of shoulder With jiggling of tape, pull fascia postriorly and apply (one possibility). The pain point is in the middle of the Y 2 Picture 3: Finished Appilcation: M. deltoideus Muscle technique M. supraspinatus Muscle tchnique Fascia technique 3 19

6. Cervical Extension Test Possible muscle to be tested: Mm. scalenii M. splenius capitis M. splenius cervicis M. sternocleidomastoideus The patient is seated and actively extends the cervical spine.   The therapist assesses the following: 1. Pain at the starting point, during and/or at the end of the movement 2. Can the patient perform movement themselves – only partially or full range of motion possible? 3. Are there sensitive zones on the skin (soft tissue zones, Head zones, etc) 4. Folding of the skin on the dorsal side 5. Flexibility of the tissue on the ventral side 6. Fascial movement (in relaxed position) 7. Check the temperature of the tissue and the energetic radiation This test is positive, if one or more factors are abnormal. Otizen Notice 20

6.1. Whipplash 21 Picture 1: Base over scapula. Application of tape with 10-15% stretch. Base is fixed and cervical spine in flexion or the positon of pain free. 1 Picture 2: Finished application of first fan 2 Pictrue 3: Finished application 3 Notice 21

6.2. Cervial spine and headache 1 2 Picture 1: Muscle-technique base depending on the testing e.g. base under the hairline. Picture 2: Ligament technique over C7 depending on the testing. Notice 22

6.3. Epicondylitis rad./uln. hum. Picture 1 - 2: Fascia technique (asses direction!) 1 2 Picture 2 - 3: Muscle technique (asses direction!) 3 4 Picture 5: Possible combination Cave: Normally the pain point will not cover by tape. * 5 Notice 23

7. SLR / Laségue Test 24 Possibel muscles to be tested: all muscles of the leg and the feed additional the muscles of the lumbar rigion at the end point of the movement, also the other parts of the myofascial backline The patient lays supine with legs in neutral. The therapist performs a SLR gripping from the heel.   Observation: pain? when? at what point does the tension in the muscles change, how is the tension in the fascia, especially dorsally (including the lower back)? Are the ventral fascia able to relax / fold during hip flexion? The test is positive, if there is pain, abnormal movement or no normal folding ventrally. Notice 24

7.1. Lymphatic fan - Knee 25 Lymphatic applications always apply accordant to the problems of the patient Picture 1: Lateral Lymphatic fan Base proximal to the area of the problem Apply the tape with different angels of the knee flex with around 10 % stretch of the tape Picture 2: Medial Lymphatic fan Base proximal to the area of the problem Apply the tape with different angels of the knee flex with around 10 % stretch of the tape Additional there could be apply a tape for the scars and the muscle Notice 25

7.2. M. quadriceps (general application) Picture 1: The leg lies extended on the table. Base: below the SIAI in neutral hip / knee position (Full version). Place hip into extention of the side of the bed with knee in flexion. Apply the tape over the first 1/3 of the muscle. 1 Picture 2: Bring leg into hip and knee flexion standing leg on the bed. Apply the tape on the ramaining muscle body allowing the strips of tape to tail off around the patella. 2 Picture 3: Final application. 3 Notice 26

7.3. Indication application: Knee 1 2 Picture 1: Muscle technique M. quadriceps. Picture 2: Mech. Correction type 1. Base over Tub. Tibiae, fix base, Knee in max. Flx. Apply tape with 100% stretch towards apex patella. Lay on ends without stretch in direction of the Mm. vastus medialis and lateralis. Picture 3: Final application. 3 4 5 Picture 4 /5: Muscle technique hamstrings out of the standing or lying position. Notice 27

7.4. Application AchilloTendon 1 2 Picture 1: Tendon-Technique Foot in Dorsal extension: Base over the calcaneus Distal tape is applied with sub-maximum stretch over the base of the foot towards the toes. Lay the end on with no stretch. Proximal tape is applied with max. stretch over the length of the achilles tendon (first 1/3rd), 50 % stretch over muscle-tendon section (scond 1/3rd) and no stretch over soleus muscle (last 1/3rd).   Picture 2: Muscle-technique Base over calcaneus or in the area of the lower calft; Foot in dorsal extension; 2 straps surround the calf muscles. 4 3 Picture 3: „Stirrup“ Ankle at 90°;Base over calcaneus with no stretch; 2 straps pulled proximal over the ankle joint to support plantar flexion – apply tape behind the joint line. Picture 4: Complete Achilles Tendon tape 1. Base on Calcaneus 2 “Tendon-technique“ for achilles tendon and plantar fascia 2. Muscle-technique for calf muscles 3. Stirrup over plantar ankle joint 28

8. Patrick Test 29 Possible muscles to be tested: M. glutaeus maximus/ medius / minimus Mm. adductores M. iliopsoas M. tensor fascia latae M. sartorius M. piriformis This test is used when the patient has problems around the pelvis and / or hip.   The patient lies supine, the knee on the side to be tested is flexion, the hip in external rotation and is placed on the opposite knee. The therapists performs a passive movement into the end range of motion (OR). The test is positive, if the range is limited by pain, contraction of fascia, scars or muscles. (Always compare both sides!) Notice 29

8.1. M. glutaeus maximus 30 Picture 1: Base: over greater trochanter For the proximal tape: hip in full extension. Tape is applied along the crista iliaca towards the SIPS. 1 Picture 2: For the distal tape: Hip in full flex. Tape applied around muscle belly towards the apex of the sacrum. 2 Picture 3: Final application. 3 Notice 30

9. Abdominal Pressure Test Possible muscles to be tested: M. rectus abdominis M. obliquus externus abdominis M. obliquus internus abdominis M. transversus abdominis M. diaphragma The patient lies supine, the therapist examines the abdominal region.   Observation: asymmetries, scars, zones, problems with the fascia. Palpation: fascial mobility and complications (zones) in this region. Perform pressure test of the tissue and the organs – first superficially then with deeper pressure. The abdomen can be divided into 9 zones. This test is positive, if you find pain or changes in the fascia or skin. Notice 31

9.1. M.obliquus externus 9.2. M. obliquus internus 32 Picture 1: Knee in Flexion, hip in 45° Flexion, adduction and internal rotation. The lower back is straight, arms elevated. Base: Superior of os pubis, just above hairline. Picture 2: During application patent breaths in. Tape is applied towards the 10th rib. 9.2. M. obliquus internus 3 4 Picture 3: Both knees in Flexion. Rotate both knees to the side of application. Arms elevated. Keep lower back in lordosis. Base: Medial of SIAS. Picture 4: Final application. Tape is applied towards the Proc. Xiphoid. Notice 32

9.3. Sacro-iliac joint(SI-Joint) Picture 1: 2 tapes are applied, which cross over on effected SI-joint. Application of base depends on what SI-Joint position needs correction - anterior or posterior tilt different applications are possible. 1 9.4. Scars and fibrosis 1 2 Picture 1: Using two base. Picture 2: without a base. Applying crossed pattern over the scars and fibrosis – normally with soft stretch. 9.5. Rib fracture 1 2 Picture 1: Ligament technique over the fractured rib. Ligament technique anterior and posterior of fractured area. Picture 2: Variation: Webcut over the fractured rib. Ligament techniques anterior and posterior of the fractured area. Alternative: Cross two lympathic fans, base under the fracture position 33