Indigenous beginnings, Colonization, & the Conflict of Slavery The History of Africa Indigenous beginnings, Colonization, & the Conflict of Slavery

Indigenous Beginnings From the birth of modern human civilization to the migration of tribal communities

Early Beginnings → The earliest known modern human remains were found in ETHIOPIA. →They are estimated to be around 200,000 years old. → Ancestors of these remains date back even further…. 7 million years ago!!!

History: North Africa Societies were HUNTER-GATHERERS During the prehistoric-Stone Age, the Sahara Desert’s climate was actually like a Savannah. Around 6,000 BCE the Sahara began to steadily dry, ultimately becoming the Sahara Desert that it is today. The ancient Egyptian civilization began to spring up around the Nile Valley– one of the richest agricultural areas in the world.

How the Sahara Changed through Stone Drawings http://www.calacademy.org/exhibits/africa/exhibit/sahara/artwork.htm Jennifer Smith, Ph.D., circles a beautifully bizarre geological formation carved by sand-bearing winds after the Sahara became a desert.

History: Africa South of the Sahara The Bantu were a group of people that spoke the same language (Bantu). Of the Bantu language…the most popular is SWAHILI! They originated in Western Africa. They began to migrate into Southern and Eastern parts of Africa around 1000 BCE – 1100 CE. http://www.eduplace.com/kids/socsci/ca/books/bkf3/imaps/AC_06_206_bantu/AC_06_206_bantu.html

Bantu Migration Overpopulation, so they left in search of more land. Why did they migrate? There are many theories on their movement….. Overpopulation, so they left in search of more land. Fertile Land Internal Conflicts Climate changes WHICH ARE PUSH & WHICH ARE PULL FACTORS?

Bantu Migration How have they affected Africa? They had iron tools which made it possible to clear land. They were the first to farm large areas of land in Africa. They were the first to introduce crops such as millet or sorghum. They increased the population of Eastern and Southern Africa. Spread their language. Today, 50 million Africans speak Swahili which is a Bantu Language.

Bantu Language Comparison What does it sound like? Click HERE!

Bantu Words **you probably know!** GOOBERS JENGA “peanut” “to build” “to travel” There are no worries! SAFARI

What statement do you think this political cartoon is making? The Rhodes Colossus, an 1892 caricature of Cecil Rhodes after announcing plans for a telegraph line from Cape Town to Cairo. For Punch by Edward Linley Sambourne.

Colonization/Imperialism The mad scramble for Africa.

What was the scramble exactly? Quest for European dominance. Roots of African social issues/problems STEM/ORGINIATE from this thoughtless scramble. THIS IS WHY COLONIALISM IS TERRIBLE. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pis5f085P3M

Colonization/Imperialism 1. What European countries were involved in the control of Africa? 2. What two European countries had the most control over Africa? British, French, Belgian, Portuguese, Italian, Spanish British and French

What was Imperialism (1800s – mid 1900s) This was where European countries took control of Africa and colonized. Europeans had noticed the region would be a source of raw materials and precious natural resources. Main reason - Wealth They began to colonize and control most of Africa often exploiting Africans of their natural resources. By 1914, all of Africa except Ethiopia and Liberia was under European control.

What resources might these Europeans be after? Diamonds! GOLD!

Effects of European colonization Europeans created boundaries that cut across ethnic homelands. (Created disputes) They basically all met together and drew lines on the map of where they would rule without any concern for native living there. Many wars today are fought because ethnic groups living in the same country do not get along. Many Africans benefited from new educational opportunities and city development. Promoted European culture which diminished African culture. Disrupted village life by making large plantations. Many Europeans got wealthy while Africans stayed underdeveloped and poor.

1 paragraph European decisions created colonial boundaries that eventually became the borders of African countries. What problems has Europe created in these African countries by dividing up Africa based on European needs and concerns rather than African ones? Answer in one paragraph.

The spread of a horrible & inhumane practice. Slavery The spread of a horrible & inhumane practice.

Slavery Slavery, by definition, is a social stratification system under which people are treated as property (to be bought or sold) and forced to work. Slavery goes all the way back to before 8000 BCE! Slavery was common all over the ancient world—from Europe to Asia or even within the various African tribes. Slavery was common in the Americas BEFORE the Transatlantic Slave Trade….The Aztec and the Inca had slaves & here in Texas, the Comanche Indians even had slaves.

Transatlantic Slave Trade Who was the Slave Trade between?

Why would Africans trade their own people as Slaves? As the demand for slaves increased with European colonial expansion in the New World, rising prices made the slave trade increasingly lucrative. As a result, Africans started to sell their own people. Slave exports were responsible for the emergence of a number of large and powerful kingdoms that relied on a militaristic culture. This culture of constant warfare provided great numbers of human captives required for trade with the Europeans. Why would Africans trade their own people as Slaves?

Are there still forms of slavery, today? Child Soldiers Forced Marriage Human Trafficking

Around what year did the Sahara begin to dry and slowly become the Sahara Desert that we know of today? Which Bantu language is the most popular and widely spoken? Name two PUSH factors contributed to Bantu Migration. Which two European countries had the most control over Africa during the Imperialistic era? What was the MAIN reason for Imperialism/Colonization of Africa? All but two African countries were under European control by what year? What were the two main resources the Europeans were after in the 1800s?