Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Organization of the Lymphatic System

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. fluid leaks out of capillaries –about 4L/day enters lymphatic capillaries-now lymph returns to circulation  lymphatic trunks Lymph Formation and Flow

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. thoracic duct –Drains left side right lymphatic duct –Drains right side Lymph Drainage

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Lymph Drainage

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. lymphocytes –T cells - thymus –B cells - bone marrow macrophages –begin as monocytes –leave lymphatic tissue to enter surrounding tissue Lymphatic Cells

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue –tonsils pharyngeal palatine lingual lymphatic nodules Lymphatic Tissues

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. lymph nodes –cleanse lymph –Store/make T and B cells Lymphatic Organs

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. spleen –scans and cleans blood thymus –nursery for T cells Lymphatic Organs

Lesson 12.2 Nonspecific Defenses Chapter 12: The Lymphatic and Immune Systems

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. skin hair acidic secretions from sebaceous glands and sweat glands mucous membranes Physical Barriers

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. phagocytosis –engulf foreign cells/debris –neutrophils –macrophages –exocytosis natural killer cells –release perforins to perforate cells Cellular and Chemical Defenses

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. complement system –classical pathway –alternative pathway interferons –released by virus infected cells Cellular and Chemical Defenses

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. The Complement System

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. promotes repair of damaged tissue histamines and prostaglandins released symptoms –heat –redness –swelling –pain Inflammatory Response

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. tissue damage occurs intracellular contents are released from damaged cells into interstitial fluid mast cells release histamine and other inflammatory chemicals blood vessels dilate, blood flow increases, capillary permeability increases clot formation occurs scar tissue forms, replacement cells grow The Development of Inflammation

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. maintenance of higher than normal body temperature activation of leukocytes and macrophages  releases of pyrogens hypothalamus raises body temperature Fever

Lesson 12.3 Specific Defenses Chapter 12: The Lymphatic and Immune Systems

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. on surface of cells –proteins –polysaccharides –glycolipids –nucleic acids determine “self” from “nonself” cells Antigens

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. lymphocytes –recognize 1 antigen –clonal selection –memory cells Immune System Cells

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. antibody-mediated immunity plasma cells –antibodies recognize and bind to specific antigen antibodies –also called immunoglobulins –recognize, bind to, and mark antigens –interfere with antigen function Humoral Immunity

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Antibody Classes

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. primary immune response –when first exposed secondary immune response –memory cells respond to invader active immunity passive immunity –vaccination Primary and Secondary Immune Responses

Lesson 12.4 Disorders and Diseases of the Immune System Chapter 12: The Lymphatic and Immune Systems

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. rapid, unregulated lymphocyte (WBC) growth metastasis –cancerous cells move within body cancerous cells may lodge in lymph nodes –Swollen glands, fevers, weight loss, fatigue Treatment includes chemo, radiation or surgery Non-Hodgekins vs. Hodgekins Cancer & Lymph Nodes – Lymphoma

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Excessive response to harmless antigen allergen causes histamine release –causes allergy symptoms runny nose, itchy eyes, anaphylaxis Anaphylaxis Allergies

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Allergies

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. immune system attacks body Autoimmune Disorders

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Rhuematoid arthritis

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Multiple Sclerosis Damaged myelin interferes with message transmission Fatigue, gait/walk Weak, stiffness Treatment: drugs Rehabilitation –Life long manage

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Type I Diabetes

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Compromised ability to fight infection; low T & B cells –Causes: spleen removal, cancers, HIV/AIDS –Treatment: bone marrow transplant, passive immunity (antibodies from another source) –Can be fatal if severe Immunodeficiency

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. HIV –infects and kills helper T cells AIDS –helper T cell count falls below 200/mm3 –immune system seriously weakened –opportunistic infections more common HIV and AIDS

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Immense swelling/obstruction of lymphatic vessels Caused by roundworm Treatments: –Drugs to kill adult worms/offspring DEC, Ivermectin Elephantiasis aka Lymphatic Filariasis