AP World History: Ancient vs. Classical By the end of class students should be able to: Characterize the ancient and classical periodsCharacterize the ancient and classical periods Understand and explain the major shifts and turning points within the Foundations periodUnderstand and explain the major shifts and turning points within the Foundations period Hypothesize how the classical civilizations will differ from those of the ancient periodHypothesize how the classical civilizations will differ from those of the ancient period

Periodization Foundations 8000BCE to 600CE Ancient 8000 BCE to 1000BCE Classical 1000 BCE to 450 CE* why isn’t this 600 CE?

Uniting Large Regions 1000 BCE – 500 CE

Mapping the Ancient World

Mapping the Classical World

The Ancient Period 8000 BCE to 1000 BCE Between 9000 BCE and 7000 BCE –Agriculture introduced in the Middle East—spreads to Northern Africa, India and finally East Asia by 1000 BCE Around 6000 BCE –Potters wheel invented; cities grew 4000 BCE (Bronze Age) –Series of innovations Between 3500 BCE and 1500 BCE –Four river valley civilizations

Characterize the Ancient Period Task: Characterize the Ancient Period

Transitional Kingdoms Case Study: –Hittites, Minoans, Mycenaeans, Phoenicians Spread agriculture from river valleys to temperate climates…how? –Specialization & trade –Combining ag. & herding –Double-edged sword of conquest – Inherently weak…why? –Structural political problems

1000 BCE—A Turning Point Wave of invasions on all river civilizations, made more effective b/c of iron weapons –Indus Valley falls to Aryans –Egypt’s political structure fails as does those in Mesopotamia –China’s transition is more subtle and symbolic: changes dynasties and introduces iron

The Classical Period (1000 BCE to 450 CE) Expansion –Aggressive invasions combines with river valley experience to form even large civilizations Integration –New size makes it more challenging to keep everyone under control and society functioning

Hypothesize… What allows for classical civs to expand? How might they attempt to provide greater coherence for their civilizations? What aspects of ancient civilizations will be retained? In what ways will classical civilizations be different?

Continuities Agricultural economies Patriarchal societies RVC heritage

Population Growth

Consequences of Population Growth The Indian Caste System

Generation of Belief Systems Buddhism Hinduism Christianity Judaism

Consequence of Belief Systems Hinduism From lst millennium BCE Buddhism From 5 th century BCE Christianity From 1 st century CE Judaism Communities scattered widely in Southwest Asia, Northern Africa, and Europe, especially from the first century CE. Outline Map: Microsoft Encarta Reference Library 2002

Farming & pastoral nomadism replaced hunting and gathering in some regions. People moved into previously uninhabited areas. Spread & Influence of Civilizations

RoutesAround 300 BCE to 300 CE, merchants, shippers, sea captains, and empire-builders extended and strengthened trade routes across Afroeurasia and the Americas. EmpiresEmpires required networks of military and political communication. These networks encouraged interaction of many kinds over long distances. WritingWith the appearance of alphabetic writing systems in Afroeurasia, people could communicate faster and easier than ever before. ReligionsThe appearance of world religions— Hinduism, Judaism, Buddhism, and Christianity—stimulated cultural interchange across political and cultural boundaries. Expanding Networks

The New Classical World

Triggers for Change Iron technology Deliberate cultural integration

AP World History: Ancient vs. Classical By the end of class students should be able to: Characterize the ancient and classical periodsCharacterize the ancient and classical periods Understand and explain the major shifts and turning points within the Foundations periodUnderstand and explain the major shifts and turning points within the Foundations period Hypothesize how the classical civilizations will differ from those of the ancient periodHypothesize how the classical civilizations will differ from those of the ancient period