POWER SYSTEMS ENGINEERING Mike He, Nic Beutler, Sascha von Meier, Seth Sanders
Questions What are the technical advances that will be needed to enable this new world Scale up or scale down - microgrids or utility- driven?
Priorities of the Future Grid 1. Cheaper energy 2. More reliable energy (power quality) 3. Greener energy The smart grid challenge is how to reconcile these oft- competing priorities
The Precarious State of the Grid It is hard to know how close we are to wide-area failure Recent outages were unforeseen “Works in practice but not theory” Security Wide-area stability with renewables is unknown
Key Technologies Monitoring – visible, transparent understanding PMUs Oscillations and damping at nodes Stability support from switched generation Communication and coordination Coordinate local decisions with global optimization Two-way power flow enablers Protection Control
Technologies cont’d Micro-synchrophasors (distribution level) Transformative and disruptive Greatly improve transparency and visibility Allows for fast solving of Optimal Power Flow Enabler for switched generation to provide stability
Electric Grid as a Commons Competitive paradigm does not match physical reality Distributed generation – does it weaken the commons? DG owners optimize for profit, not system stability How can DG be drafted to support the commons Aggregator?
The Development of DG 2.5% of CA generation IEA estimates 25% of new capacity will be DG through 2030 13 GW of new DG in 2009 80% small (avg 100kW)
Global dichotomy Developed regions will remain mostly centralized DG will begin to play significant role CA: 12 GW of DG by 2020 Developing regions may develop significant DG Leapfrogging developed regions
Questions?
Modern Electricity Grid Centrally Controlled Large-scale Central Generation One-way Power Flow Homogeneous Power Quality, Reliability