Terrorism Norway London & Madrid Lockerbie Munich Murrah Federal Office Building attack (OK city bombing) Aum Shinrikyo sarin gas attack 1 st World Trade Center Bombing Iranian Hostage Crisis Mumbai Attacks Tanzania & Kenya Embassy Attacks

Munich Olympic Massacre 1972 Israeli Olympic team members were taken hostage & eventually murdered by the terrorist group Black September. Members of Black September contended that Yasser Arafat’s Fatah organization secretly endorsed the operation. – Fatah, however, disputed the accusation. 11 Israeli athletes/coaches & 1 West German police officer were killed. 5 of the 8 members of Black September were killed by police officers during a failed rescue attempt. – 3 surviving terrorists were captured, but later released by West Germany following the hijacking by Black September of an airliner. Israel responded to the massacre with Operation Spring of Youth and Operation Wrath of God, as well as a series of airstrikes and killings of those suspected of planning the kidnappings.

Iranian Hostage Crisis November January 1981 On November 4, 1979, an angry mob of young Islamic revolutionaries overran the U.S. Embassy in Tehran, taking more than 60 Americans hostage. "From the moment the hostages were seized until they were released minutes after Ronald Reagan took the oath of office as president 444 days later," wrote historian Gaddis Smith, "the crisis absorbed more concentrated effort by American officials and had more extensive coverage on television and in the press than any other event since World War II."

Lockerbie, Scotland Dec. 21, 1988, the wreckage of Pan Am Flight crashed as a result of a terrorist bomb. Eleven townspeople were killed in Sherwood Crescent – The plane's wings and fuel tanks plummeted in a fiery explosion, destroying several houses and leaving a huge crater, with debris causing damage to a number of buildings nearby. The 270 fatalities (259 on the plane, 11 in Lockerbie) were citizens of 21 nations.

1993 World Trade Center bombing Feb. 26, 1993, a truck bomb was detonated below the North Tower of the World Trade Center. The 1,500 lb nitrate–hydrogen gas enhanced device was intended to knock the North Tower into the South Tower, bringing both towers down and killing thousands of people. It failed to do so, but did kill 6 people and injured 1,042.

Oklahoma City Bombing Attack on the Alfred Murrah Federal Building on April 19, 1995 by Timothy McVeigh – An American militia movement sympathizer who detonated an explosive-filled truck parked in front of the building. Most destructive act of terrorism on American soil until the 9/11. Claimed 168 lives, including 19 children under the age of 6, and injured more than 680 people. Blast destroyed or damaged 324 buildings within a sixteen-block radius, destroyed or burned 86 cars, and shattered glass in 258 nearby buildings. The bomb was estimated to have caused at least $652 million worth of damage.

Aum Shinrikyo sarin gas attack Act of domestic terrorism perpetrated by members of Aum Shinrikyo on March 20, In 5 coordinated attacks, the perpetrators released sarin on several lines of the Tokyo Metro. Killing 13 people, severely injuring 50 & causing temporary vision problems for nearly a 1,000 others. Attacks directed against trains passing through Kasumigaseki and Nagatachō, home to the Japanese government. It was and remains the most serious attack to occur in Japan since the end of World War II.

Tanzania & Kenya 1998 United States embassy bombings: a series of attacks, in which hundreds of people were killed in simultaneous truck bomb explosions at the United States embassies in Tanzania & Kenya. The date of the bombings marked the 8 th anniversary of the arrival of American forces in Saudi Arabia. The attacks were linked to local members of the Egyptian Islamic Jihad, brought Osama bin Laden & Ayman al-Zawahiri to the attention of the US public for the 1 st time Resulted in the U.S. FBI placing bin Laden on its 10 Most Wanted Fugitives list.

London 7 July 2005 London bombings a series of co-ordinated suicide attacks which targeted civilians using the public transport system during the morning rush hour. 4 Islamist home-grown terrorists detonated 4 bombs, 3 in quick succession aboard London Underground trains across the city &, later, a 4 th on a double-decker bus. 52 people, as well as the 4 bombers, were killed in the attacks, and over 700 more were injured.

Madrid Madrid train bombings: simultaneous, coordinated bombings against the commuter train system of Madrid, Spain on the morning of 11 March 2004 – – 3 days before Spain's general elections. – The explosions killed 191 people and wounded 1,800. Attacks directed by an al-Qaeda-inspired terrorist cell, although no direct al-Qaeda participation (only "inspiration“)

Mumbai Attacks coordinated shooting & bombing attacks across Mumbai, India's largest city, by Islamist terrorists who came from Pakistan. – Killing 164 people and wounding at least of the attacks occurred in South Mumbai: at – Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus – Taj Mahal Palace & Tower – Cama Hospital (a women and children's hospital) – the Nariman House Jewish community centre – Metro Cinema – A lane behind the Times of India building and St. Xavier's College. – Also an explosion at Mazagaon, in Mumbai's port area, and in a taxi at Vile Parle. By the early morning, all sites except for the Taj hotel had been secured by Mumbai Police & security forces. The Indian government said that the attackers came from Pakistan

Norway 2 attacks against gov’t, the civilian population and a summer camp in Norway 22 July st : car bomb explosion in Oslo, the executive government quarter of Norway. – killed 8 ppl and physically injured at least 209 ppl 2 nd attack occurred less than 2hrs later at a summer camp on the island. – A gunman dressed in a homemade police uniform & showing false identification gained access to the island & opened fire at the participants, killing 70 attendees. Arrested Anders Behring Breivik, a 32-year-old Norwegian right-wing extremist and charged him w/both attacks. – Spoke against Islam and immigration