1. “One man’s terrorist is another man’s freedom fighter.”
Terrorism
“Freedom and fear are at war…Either you are with us, or you are with the terrorists.”
President George W. Bush
September 20th, 2001

2. TERRORISM …as defined by Webster’s Dictionary:
“Systematic use of violence, terror, and intimidation to achieve an end.”
As defined by the U.S. Department of State:
“Terrorism is premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets by subnational groups or state agents, usually to influence an audience.”

3. Lastly, as defined by the Federal Bureau of Investigation:
“Terrorism is the unlawful use of force or violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives.”
Terrorists can be anyone who believes in a cause strongly enough to commit violence to make a point.

4. Let’s look at some examples throughout modern history…

5. Munich, Aug. – Sept. 1972 Who is the terrorist group?
8 Palestinians, known as “Black September”
What or who did the group target?
Israeli athletes
Where did the action take place?
@ the Summer Olympics in Munich, Germany; broadcast worldwide on t.v.
How was the attack carried out?
took Israeli athletes hostage in the Olympic Village; 11 athletes and coaches were killed
What was the goal of the terrorist activity?
Bring “light” to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict; tried to force Israel to release 234 Arab prisoners held in Israeli prisons

6. U.S. Hostages, Nov. 1979-Jan. 1981 Who is the terrorist group?
Angry Iranian students
What or who did the group target?
the U.S. and the exhiled Shah of Iran; they resented the fact that the U.S. was giving him medical attention
Where did the action take place?
The U.S. Embassy in Tehran, Iran
How was the attack carried out?
Iranian students took 52 Americans hostage for 444 days
What was the goal of the terrorist activity?
They wanted the U.S. to return the exhiled Shah back to Iran for trial of the crimes committed by him during his reign on ordinary citizens with the help of his secret police

7. Golden Temple Siege, June 1984
Who is the terrorist group?
Sikh separatists
What or who did the group target?
The Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi
Where did the action take place?
The Golden Temple Shrine in Amritsar, India
How was the attack carried out?
Separatists seized the temple, killing between ,000
What was the goal of the terrorist activity?
They wanted an independent Sikh state; Prime Minister ordered a military campaign to drive out the terrorists…100s were killed including the terrorists

8. Pan Am Crash, Dec. 1988 Who is the terrorist group?
No one claimed responsibility, but several years later, two Libyan intelligence agents were convicted; Recent evidence might point towards Iran
What or who did the group target?
Innocent civilians
Where did the action take place?
Over Lockerbie, Scotland aboard Pan Am Flight 103
How was the attack carried out?
A bomb exploded 38 minutes into flight, killing all 259 people along with 11 people on the ground
What was the goal of the terrorist activity?
Simple fear OR retaliation from U.S./Libyan conflict in 1986 (or, in retaliation for a US Navy strike on an Iranian commercial jet six months earlier.

9. World Trade Center, Feb. 1993 Who is the terrorist group?
Al Qaeda/Osama bin Laden
What or who did the group target?
America and the Global economy
Where did the action take place?
Twin Towers in NY
How was the attack carried out?
Bombs were detonated in the parking garage of the World Trade Center, killing 6 and wounding 1,042
What was the goal of the terrorist activity?
Islamic fundamentalism and American foreign policy of U.S. support for Israel

10. Tokyo Nerve Gas, March 1995 Who is the terrorist group?
This attack prompted global concern about terrorist groups obtaining chemical weapons.
Who is the terrorist group?
The Japanese religious group, Aum Shinrikyo (a doomsday cult founded by Shoko Asahara in 1984)
What or who did the group target?
Japanese civilians
Where did the action take place?
The attack was directed against trains passing through Kasumigaseki and Nagatachō during the rush-hour commute
How was the attack carried out?
Cult members dropped 5 plastic bags of liquid sarin on subway trains then each pierced their packets with metal-tipped umbrellas, releasing the deadly nerve gas; 12 people were killed, 50 severely injured, and another nearly 5,000 with temporary vision problems
What was the goal of the terrorist activity?
Japanese authorities said the cult wanted to disrupt an impending police crackdown on the group, as well as to hasten the apocalypse (fulfilling the doomsday prophecy)

11. Oklahoma City, April 1995 Who is the terrorist group?
Right-winged American extremists, Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols
What or who did the group target?
Federal gov’t
Where did the action take place?
Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City
How was the attack carried out?
A massive truck bomb, filled with fertilizer, was detonated in the front of the building, killing 168+ and wounding 680+
What was the goal of the terrorist activity?
Anti-government sentiment; they claimed they were avenging the deaths of Branch Davidian cult members in Waco, TX

12. Hamas in Israel, March-Sept. 1997
Who is the terrorist group?
3 suicide bombers from Hamas, a Palestinian movement
What or who did the group target?
Israelis
Where did the action take place?
In the Ben Yehuda shopping mall in Jerusalem
How was the attack carried out?
3 suicide bombers detonated bombs attached to their bodies, killing 8 people and wounding nearly 200
What was the goal of the terrorist activity?
Hamas denies Israel’s right to exist
(Israel was created after WWII in what used to be Palestine)

13. U.S. Embassies (in Kenya and Tanzania), Aug. 1998
Who is the terrorist group?
Osama bin Laden; Al Qaeda was brought to the attention of the American public for the first time, and resulted in the FBI placing bin Laden on its Ten Most Wanted Fugitives list.
What or who did the group target?
U.S. Embassies; civilians
Where did the action take place?
The rear entrance of the U.S. Embassy in Nairobi, Kenya and outside the U.S. Embassy in Dar es Salaam in Tanzania
How was the attack carried out?
Truck bombs were detonated, killing 12 Americans and 279 Kenyans and 10 Tanzanians
What was the goal of the terrorist activity?
the date of the bombings marked the 8th anniversary of the arrival of American forces in Saudi Arabia

14. USS Cole Bombing, Oct. 2000 Who is the terrorist group?
Al Qaeda; though a U.S. judge has held Sudan also responsible
What or who did the group target?
The United States Navy guided-missile destroyer USS Cole
Where did the action take place?
Yemen’s Aden harbor
How was the attack carried out?
A small fiberglass boat carrying explosives and two suicide bombers approached the destroyer and exploded, creating a 40-by-60-foot gash in the ship's port side, killing 17 sailors and wounding another 39
What was the goal of the terrorist activity?
To rid the Middle East of “Westerners” and as a recruitment tool

15. September 11th, 2001 Who is the terrorist group?
Al Qaeda and Osama bin laden
What or who did the group target?
American civilians and symbols (global economy, the World Trade Center Twin Towers; American defense, the Pentagon; the White House itself???)
Where did the action take place?
New York, the Pentagon, and rural Pennsylvania
How was the attack carried out?
4 commercial jets were hijacked and crashed into their targets; 9/11 is the deadliest terrorist attack in history, killing ~3,000 and injuring over 1,000 from over 80 different nations
What was the goal of the terrorist activity?
A “holy war” against the U.S. for their support of Israel

16. Anthrax Letters, Sept.-Oct. 2001
Who is the terrorist group?
Originally, Al Qaeda and Iraq blamed….HOWEVER, Bruce Edwards Ivins, a scientist who worked at a government biodefense lab, was the sole terrorist. 
What or who did the group target?
American media and politicians
Where did the action take place?
New York, Washington D.C., and Florida
How was the attack carried out?
Letters containing anthrax spores were mailed to several news media offices and two Democratic U.S. Senators, killing five people and infecting 17 others.
What was the goal of the terrorist activity?
Ivins stood to profit from the attacks because he was a co-inventor on two patents for a genetically-engineered anthrax vaccine (he committed suicide in July 2008)

17. Mumbai Attacks, Nov. 2008 Who is the terrorist group?
Lashkar-e-Taiba (‘the Army of the Pure’), an Islamic terrorist organization based in Pakistan
What or who did the group target?
Civilians
Where did the action take place?
Throughout Mumbai, India (cafes, terminals, hotel, hospital, market, etc.) as a series of 12 coordinated shooting and bombing attacks lasting four days.
How was the attack carried out?
carried out by 10 young armed men trained and sent to Mumbai and directed from inside Pakistan via mobile phones
What was the goal of the terrorist activity?
paralyze a major city, attract global attention, and terrorize a continent

18. Manchester Bombing, May 2017
Who is the terrorist group?
Salman Ramadan Abedi, an Islamist-extremist
What or who did the group target?
Civilians leaving the Ariana Grande concert
Where did the action take place?
@ Manchester Arena, England (just two months after five people were killed in a vehicle-ramming terrorist attack in Westminster, London)
How was the attack carried out?
A shrapnel-laden homemade bomb (filled with nails) was detonated as people were leaving killing 23 and injuring 250
What was the goal of the terrorist activity?
According to U.S. Africa Command in Libya, “Islamic extremism” (opposes “democracy, the rule of law, individual liberty and mutual respect and tolerance of different faiths and beliefs”)