Recall What is the Reformation? How did the Catholic Church respond to the reformation?

Northern Europe Germany was the birthplace of Protestants (Remember, Luther was German) From Germany Protestant ideas spread through North Europe to places like Sweden, Poland, Scotland, and Denmark

Northern Europe Henry VIII originally supported the Catholic Church. Eventually he leaves and starts his own Church as we have learned. Why?

Northern Europe Germany became divided North: Supported Luther, Protestantism South: Supported Catholics (Included German Emperor) War over religion from Germany went from a Catholic Empire (Holy Roman Empire) to a group of regions each with different religious views.

Southern Europe Italy, Spain, and France remained strongly Catholic.

Southern Europe France Huguenots (French Protestants) were originally allowed by French Catholic kings. In 1534 Huguenots put up anti-Catholic posters in Paris, even on the King’s bedroom door. King responded by having hundreds arrested and some even burned alive. In 1559 the French princess married the leader of the Huguenots, Henry of Navarre. How would French people have reacted to this?

Southern Europe France Instead of promoting peace, the marriage outraged anti-Protestants in Paris causing a massacre. In order to bring peace Henry converted to Catholicism before becoming king of France, ending the civil war. Proclaimed the Edict of Nantes which allowed Hugenots to worship freely.

Southern Europe Spain Unlike France, did not allow Protestants Used the Inquisition to put on trial and torture anyone suspected of not being a true Catholic Spain's king, Philip II, inherited much of Protestant Netherlands. He tried to use Inquisition in Netherlands, but this resulted in over 75 years of fighting, resulting in the Netherlands independence.

30 Years War War that started as religious war between most European powers. As time passed it turned into a political war. Soldiers roamed through towns stealing and burning down buildings and farms Peace of Westphalia ended the war, allowing people to practice their own religion even if it was different than their country’s official religion.

Impact of Reformation Catholic Church lost significant power -> Governments gained more power Pope tried to declare the Peace of Westphalia invalid, but it did not work. Protestants encouraged people to read and think for themselves, and to participate in government Religious wars changed the face of Europe