MOTION Unit 9, Chapter 11.

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Presentation transcript:

MOTION Unit 9, Chapter 11

I. Describing Motion Earth Frame of reference: what motion is compared against. B. Motion is relative or dependant on the frame of reference. (Einstein) The most common frame of Reference is the Earth. Earth The car moves left in reference to the…

Now lets get tricky! The corvette will be going forward and backward! - forward in relation to the Earth - backward in relation to the Indy car

Distance and displacement II. Measuring Motion A. Distance: the length of a path between two points. B. Direction- relative to a F.O.R. C. Time needed to complete the motion. The above items are known as: scalars They have magnitude only.

D. Displacement: The distance and direction from the starting point, to the ending point in a straight line (“As the crow flies”) Go to map.

III. Vectors Are arrows that show magnitude and direction. 4 miles 2 miles Displacement can be displayed as a vector. C. Vectors can be combined. Like this 4 miles 2 miles + = 2 miles + 4 miles =

Pythagorean Or this

IV. Speed A. What are some examples of speed? B. Speed is measured by the distance traveled in a certain amount of time. C. Calculated as: D. Units: mi/hr, m/s, km/hr (a scalar) Speed = Distance = d Time t

V. Instantaneous Speed A. Your speed the moment you look down at the speedometer. B. Calculated by: speed (V ) = distance (d) time (t) C. Example:

VI. Average Speed A. Calculated by: avg. speed = total distance Instantaneous speed VI. Average Speed A. Calculated by: avg. speed = total distance total time B. Symbol Equation:

C. Example: What is the avg. speed if a car travels 2 Instantaneous speed C. Example: What is the avg. speed if a car travels 2 miles in 4 minutes, stops for 1 minute and travels 3 miles in 3 minutes?

VII. Velocity Velocity is speed with an indicated direction. Examples: 65 mi/hr North, 12 m/s Up Indicated by the use of a “Vector” 10 meters / second The arrow = direction Magnitude (length) tells “how much” “10 meters/second”

VIII. Acceleration A. Acceleration is any change in velocity. B. Acceleration is any change in speed or direction. C. We calculate acceleration with the following equation: Acceleration = Final Velocity – Initial Velocity Change in Time

Acceleration example D. Example: A car traveling at 30 mi/hr increases speed to 60 mi/hr in 6 sec. What is the car’s acceleration? vf = 60 mi/hr a = = Dv Dt vf - vi t vi = 30 mi/hr t = 6 sec a = = 60 mi/hr – 30 mi/hr 6 sec 30 mi/hr 6 sec = 5 mi/hr/s What does this answer mean? For each second that passes the car is traveling 5 mi/hr faster than before.

Acceleration continued E. A positive acceleration means speeding up. F. A negative acceleration means slowing down. G. Acceleration can be expressed as a vector since it includes direction.