1 DC ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS ELECTRONIC TRAINER AND BREADBOARDING

2 DC ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS We will take a look at the electronic trainer in some detail and get you familiarized with all of the functions. We will also look at the breadboard and how it’s laid out, which portions are electrically connected and how you will use it to build circuits. We will take a look at the electronic trainer in some detail and get you familiarized with all of the functions. We will also look at the breadboard and how it’s laid out, which portions are electrically connected and how you will use it to build circuits.

3 DC ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS POWER SWICTH ALWAYS MAKE SURE THE POWER IS OFF WHEN WORKING WITH THE BREADBOARD, THE RED LED INDICATOR WILL BE LIT WHEN THE UNIT IS ON

4 DC ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS The power supply section provides a positive DC voltage and a negative DC voltage from 1VDC to 15VDC. The “POS” terminal is connected to the positive knob and shares the ground “GND” terminal with the negative voltage supply. The power supply section provides a positive DC voltage and a negative DC voltage from 1VDC to 15VDC. The “POS” terminal is connected to the positive knob and shares the ground “GND” terminal with the negative voltage supply.

5 DC ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS Like wise the “NEG” terminal is connected to the knob for the negative DC voltages, and shares the ground terminal, the negative power supply is simply a polarity change. To increase the voltages the knob must be turned counter clock wise, the abbreviation (ccw) will be used frequently throughout your heath kit lab exercises. Like wise the “NEG” terminal is connected to the knob for the negative DC voltages, and shares the ground terminal, the negative power supply is simply a polarity change. To increase the voltages the knob must be turned counter clock wise, the abbreviation (ccw) will be used frequently throughout your heath kit lab exercises.

6 DC ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS To apply power you will run leads from either the (+) or (-) negative power source to the bread board bus and a ground lead from the “GND” terminal strip onto the bread board bus. THIS IS A REPRESENTATION OF A SIMPLE LED CIRCUIT WITH POWER APPLIED, THIS WOULD BE BUILT ON THE BREAD BOARD.

7 DC ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS The next section is the “LINE FREQ.” section which provides an AC voltage of 15 VAC or by combining them you can produce 30 VAC. Notice that the middle terminal is for ground connections. The next section is the “LINE FREQ.” section which provides an AC voltage of 15 VAC or by combining them you can produce 30 VAC. Notice that the middle terminal is for ground connections.

8 DC ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS The generator section provides a line frequency from 200Hz to 2000Hz (2KHz), the range of the frequency can be increased by 10 times higher using the range switch, (2KHz to 20KHz).

9 DC ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS The 1K ohm knob is a potentiometer (variable resistor) that technically provides resistance from 1 to 1000 Ω, you will find it will vary slightly, terminals 1 & 2 are variable and terminals 1 & 3 are fixed at 1000Ω. The 1K ohm knob is a potentiometer (variable resistor) that technically provides resistance from 1 to 1000 Ω, you will find it will vary slightly, terminals 1 & 2 are variable and terminals 1 & 3 are fixed at 1000Ω.

10 DC ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS The 100K ohm potentiometer is similar to the 1K Ω section, terminals 1 & 2 are variable resistance from 2KΩ to approximately 100KΩ (it may actually be around 90KΩ).

11 DC ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS This is the bread board at the bottom of the electronics trainer that you will be building your circuits on.

12 Buses Groups of 5 Many components have compatible leads. DC ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS

13 DC ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS The buses are used to bring power onto the bread board. The top rows in each segment are all electrically connected, you can verify this with your DMM. The buses are not common with the rest of the bread board they’re electrically disconnected from the rest of the board. The buses are used to bring power onto the bread board. The top rows in each segment are all electrically connected, you can verify this with your DMM. The buses are not common with the rest of the bread board they’re electrically disconnected from the rest of the board.

14 DC ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS

15 DC ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS The bread board is segmented into three sections, the power bus at the top and two sections separated by a space for building your circuits.

16 DC ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS Each column of 5 holes in the two large sections is common, just like each row on the buss is common. You can verify this with a continuity test using your DMM. Each column of 5 holes in the two large sections is common, just like each row on the buss is common. You can verify this with a continuity test using your DMM.

17 DC ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS

18 DC ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS Here is the equivalent circuit that you saw earlier placed on the bread board, notice that components like the LED can cross over from one section to another.

19 DC ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS You will be using 22 AWG solid wire as jumpers to connect component from terminal strip to other parts of the bread board.

20 DC ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS The next slides will take you through a review process of the terminals and then we will look at building a circuit piece by piece. Remember to shut off the power while you’re building circuits. The next slides will take you through a review process of the terminals and then we will look at building a circuit piece by piece. Remember to shut off the power while you’re building circuits.

21 Continuity No continuity Continuity No continuity How the groups and buses work DC ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS

22 1 k  560  470  Series circuit + + DC ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS

23.47/63 V CC In Out In Out BREADBOARDING A TRANSISTOR AMPLIFIER

24.47/63 V CC In Out In Out Previous slide Is this also correct? DC ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS

25 Double check the pin numbers when working with ICs DC ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS

26 V CC A digital circuit Pull-up Current limit V CC Observe polarity! A A C C DC ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS

27 DC ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS GENERAL GUIDELINES Do not force wires larger than #20 gage. Add soldered extensions using #22 solid wire. Use an IC removal tool or use a screwdriver to carefully pry up ICs for removal. Use buses for power and ground distribution. Add bypass capacitors to power buses. GENERAL GUIDELINES Do not force wires larger than #20 gage. Add soldered extensions using #22 solid wire. Use an IC removal tool or use a screwdriver to carefully pry up ICs for removal. Use buses for power and ground distribution. Add bypass capacitors to power buses.

28 DC ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS Check and recheck before applying power. Cut off ends and re-strip jumpers when they are worn. Do not breadboard high power, high current or high voltage circuits. Check and recheck before applying power. Cut off ends and re-strip jumpers when they are worn. Do not breadboard high power, high current or high voltage circuits.

29 DC ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS RF circuits usually won’t work properly, if at all. Keep high gain circuits inline and avoid long jumpers. Adapters are available for SMT devices. RF circuits usually won’t work properly, if at all. Keep high gain circuits inline and avoid long jumpers. Adapters are available for SMT devices.