2. Engineering H192 - Computer Programming Gateway Engineering Education Coalition Lab 2P. 1Winter Quarter Digital Electronics Lab 2

3. Engineering H192 - Computer Programming Gateway Engineering Education Coalition Lab 2P. 2Winter Quarter Analog Vs. Digital

4. Engineering H192 - Computer Programming Gateway Engineering Education Coalition Lab 2P. 3Winter Quarter Analog Vs. Digital Analog –Continuous –Can take on any values in a given range –Very susceptible to noise Digital –Discrete –Can only take on certain values in a given range –Can be less susceptible to noise

5. Engineering H192 - Computer Programming Gateway Engineering Education Coalition Lab 2P. 4Winter Quarter The Transistor Basic element of digital electronics Can act like a “switch”

6. Engineering H192 - Computer Programming Gateway Engineering Education Coalition Lab 2P. 5Winter Quarter Boolean Algebra Symbolic representation of logic statements Uses many basic arithmetic symbols: +, -, (), etc.

7. Engineering H192 - Computer Programming Gateway Engineering Education Coalition Lab 2P. 6Winter Quarter Basic Logic Circuits: AND Symbol Boolean Equation Y = AB Truth Table 111 001 0 1 0 000 YBA AYBAYB

8. Engineering H192 - Computer Programming Gateway Engineering Education Coalition Lab 2P. 7Winter Quarter Basic Logic Circuits: OR Symbol Boolean Equation Y = A+B Truth Table 111 101 1 1 0 000 YBA AYBAYB

9. Engineering H192 - Computer Programming Gateway Engineering Education Coalition Lab 2P. 8Winter Quarter Basic Logic Circuits: NOT Symbol Boolean Equation _ Y = A Truth Table 01 10 YA A Y

10. Engineering H192 - Computer Programming Gateway Engineering Education Coalition Lab 2P. 9Winter Quarter Basic Logic Circuits: NAND NAND = “not AND” Commonly used to implement other logic circuits Symbol Boolean Equation _____ Y = (AB) Truth Table 011 101 1 1 0 100 YBA AYBAYB

11. Engineering H192 - Computer Programming Gateway Engineering Education Coalition Lab 2P. 10Winter Quarter Basic Logic Circuits: NOR NOR = “not OR” Symbol Boolean Equation _____ Y = (A+B) Truth Table 011 001 0 1 0 100 YBA AYBAYB

12. Engineering H192 - Computer Programming Gateway Engineering Education Coalition Lab 2P. 11Winter Quarter Integrated Circuits (Chips) A collection of many transistors, resistors, and capacitors on a single silicon wafer The wafer is mounted to a carrier for ease of use and dissipation of heat 1 1 5 8 4 7 Notches mark pin 1 end or pin 1 of IC (highlighted for clarity)

13. Engineering H192 - Computer Programming Gateway Engineering Education Coalition Lab 2P. 12Winter Quarter Breadboards The “canvas” for laying out a circuit using discrete components (resistors, wires, chips, etc.)

14. Engineering H192 - Computer Programming Gateway Engineering Education Coalition Lab 2P. 13Winter Quarter Breadboards (continued) Power and ground terminal posts

15. Engineering H192 - Computer Programming Gateway Engineering Education Coalition Lab 2P. 14Winter Quarter Breadboards (continued) Each small row of holes is electrically connected inside the breadboard

16. Engineering H192 - Computer Programming Gateway Engineering Education Coalition Lab 2P. 15Winter Quarter Breadboards (continued) Power bus shown in red Ground bus shown in blue These columns of holes are connected electrically

17. Engineering H192 - Computer Programming Gateway Engineering Education Coalition Lab 2P. 16Winter Quarter Light Emitting Diodes (LED) Function depends on orientation Allows current to flow only one way Illuminates when current is flowing through it Must have current limited by a resistor in series

18. Engineering H192 - Computer Programming Gateway Engineering Education Coalition Lab 2P. 17Winter Quarter Power MOSFETs Allows control of high current DC loads by low- voltage digital signals With a ‘1’ signal at the gate, current may flow from drain to source. Otherwise, the path is closed

19. Engineering H192 - Computer Programming Gateway Engineering Education Coalition Lab 2P. 18Winter Quarter Laying Out the Circuit Chips “bridge” the gaps Devices in adjacent horizontal rows are connected Make sure power is turned off until circuit is finished!

20. Engineering H192 - Computer Programming Gateway Engineering Education Coalition Lab 2P. 19Winter Quarter Today’s Goals Build digital circuits on your breadboards and determine their function Test the Mystery Circuit Build a circuit to operate a motor with a power MOSFET