ADVANCED BATTERY TECHNOLOGY HYBRID 3 AUXILIARY ALT POWER UNITS Paul Baumann:

ADVANCED BATTERY CONSIDERATIONS  Sophisticated BMS ( Battery Mgmt. Sys )  Avoid Catastrophic Power Failures  Superior performance - scenarios/environs  Very few Large Safer Lithium Systems  Long prototype lead times and high costs.

ACB 3209 Lithium Battery Specifications: 12V 6kwh 130lbs 400Ah = 600Ah Lead Acid cycles 80%DOD Charge 115V AC / 230V AC Lightweight, Modular 12V- 1,000V Configurable Recent Innovations JMEC 1

Advantages of Lithium Batteries vs. Lead Acid  Superior Cycle Life: 10,000+ cycles at 50% DOD  Less Self Discharge Rate / Higher Discharge Power  Less Charging Time  Considerably Less Weight and Size (~1/6 th )  High Temp - Low Temp Auto Cutouts  Completely Maintenance Free  Configurable in 12V to 1,000V DC  Widely accepted 48V Standard Telephony Industry

InfiniGen: Lithium 12V, 6kWh,130lbs Lead Acid Equivalent (900lbs) InfiniGenR: Lithium 48V, 6kWh,150lbs Lead Acid Equivalent ( >1000lbs)

Item Cell Types Lead Acid Ni-CdNi-MH Lithium High Power Lithium High Energy Energy Density Wh/kg Power Density W/kg Comparison among Cell Chemistry Energy Density Ni-Cd Lead Acid Ni-MH Battery Chemistry Energy Density Lithium High Energy

True Cost Comparison Lead Acid vs. Li  At all times, the lithium outperforms the AGM at a lower amortized cost.  In any application that will fully utilize the capacity of the batteries, lithium is more cost effective.

Cylindrical Type Prismatic Type Stacking Type S L P B TYPE New technology for SLPB process o. Size flexibility o. Z-folding structure Li-ion o. Mass production o. High Energy density (by using steel can) Li-Polymer o. Ultra High power o. High safety o. Low weight (by using Al Film) Continuous Automated Cell Assembly Processes Improved Safety High Discharge Rate Capability (20C-rate continuous) Faster Recharge Rate Various Capacity Prismatic (6mAh to 240Ah cell in production) Automation for better quality and cost control Combining Process Advantages of Li-ion and Li-Polymer

Principle of SLPB (WORLDWIDE PATENT) ① : Al Foil ② : Positive Electrode Based Transition Metal Oxide ③ : Separator Based Porous Polyethylene(PE)+ polymer ④ : Negative Electrode Based Artificial Graphite LiC 6 ⑤ : Cu Foil SLPB technology contains no metal lithium. Only Li-ion passes between the positive and negative poles leaving the cathode and anode materials unchanged. The principle operation is fundamentally different and safer than that of a rechargeable lithium metal battery. The patented folder to folder design reduces IR significantly

Abusive overcharge and explosion control are built into cell design: Enhanced Safety with Patented Design  Tabs and plate foil are specially designed patented for safety  Continuous folder to folder with Separator patented design  Low internal impedance design = low heat generation High Power Cell High Energy Density Cell Ultra High Power Cell

Time Lapse Video of Cell under 2C Discharge (200 Amps) Positive Terminal is on the right hand side of video Actual Discharge Time = 30 minutes

Bullet Penetration Field Test

External short test on SLPB

■ Charge : CC-CV, 1.0C, 4.2V, 1/20C cut 25 ±3 ℃ ■ Discharge : CC, Each C-rate, 2.7V cut 25 ±3 ℃ Discharge Characteristics >93% of capacity at 15C on High Power Cell

Charge Characteristics ■ Charge : CC-CV, Each C-rate, 4.2V, 1/20C cut 23±3 ℃ >95% recharged in 15 min At 3C!

■ Charge : CC-CV, 0.5C, 4.2V, 1/20C cut ℃ ■ Discharge : CC, 0.5C, 2.7V cut Each Temperature ■ Soaking time : 2hrs Temperature Characteristics Approx. 60% of original capacity at -30C on High Energy Cell ~70% on high Power

Cycle Times RelativeCapa.(%) ■ Charge : CC-CV, 1.0C, 4.2V, 1/20C cut 25 ±3 ℃ ■ Discharge : CC, 1.0C, 3.0V cut 25 ±3 ℃ Cycle

Do1 ▶ 1cycle [DOD 100%] Cha : CC-CV, 1.0C, 4.2V, 1/20C cut off Disch : CC, 1.0C, 3.0V cut off ▶ 49cycles [DOD 80%] Cha : CC-CV, 1.0C, 4.14V, 1/20C cut off Disch : CC, 1.0C, 3.35V cut off Loop1CycleTimes Relative Capa.(%) Cycle

Cycle Do1 ▶ 1cycle [DOD 100%] Cha : CC-CV, 1.0C, 4.2V, 1/20C cut off Disch : CC, 1.0C, 3.0V cut off ▶ 49cycles [DOD 20%] Cha : CC-CV, 1.0C, 4.14V, 1/20C cut off Disch : CC, 1.0C, 3.98V cut off Loop1CycleTimes Relative Capa.(%)

ResultsCriteria Test Method Level 2 Level 1 Level 0 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 UL1642 ● Hot ℃ ) ● Hot ℃ ) Thermal Abuse Level 3 SBA G1101 ● Nail Penetration ● Nail Penetration Level 3 UL1642 ● Crush ● Crush Level 3 UL1642 ● Impact ● Impact Level 3 UL1642 ● External Short ● External Short Mechanical Abuse Level 3 UL1642 ● Forced Discharge ● Forced Discharge Level 3 UL1642 ● ● Electrical Abuse Level Level 0 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 Criteria No Change LeakSmoke, <200 ℃ Smoke, >200 ℃ FireExplosion Safety Test Results