Transforming TVET through Applied Research and STEM integration The Integration of STEM to Retrofit Selected Bird Nesting Units for a Pet Store in Kingston Jamaica Presenters: Richard Samuels Miguel Newman

STEM in Design & Manufacturing This research will show STEM integration in the design and manufacture of nesting units at FELS Utech for third stream income generation

Background Nesting units are used by birds to lay their eggs, keep them warm and protected all the way to birth. Design ideas much like eggs should be first conceived, then fertilized and developed to provide meaningful tangible outputs.

Background Defected nesting units: Cockatiel Lovebird Budgie Finch

Background Grooves Poorly designed slide mechanism Poor fastening technique Protruding brads

Background In response to the observation, the researchers engaged the proprietor with an offer to retrofit the 4 existing nesting units. Three (3) weeks following this dialogue, the proprietor consented to the offer.

Objectives 1.Retrofit 4 nesting units using design, efficient production techniques; 2.Incorporate recycled timber to fabricate components of the units and 3.Provide income opportunities for needy students.

APPLIED RESEARCH The project employed an Applied Research (AR) design. According to Leedy and Ormond (2010) this approach can be used to inform human decision making about practical problems.

STEM INTEGRATION There is a policy shift that financial stability is directly proportional to innovation and creativity in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM)

STEM INTEGRATION West (2013) postulates that education and training as an evolving design process, creates the infra-structure to produce a technologically savvy workforce.

STEM MODEL STEM ScienceTechnologyEngineeringMathematics

SCIENCE IN MATERIAL SELECTION The nesting units were constructed using durable material to satisfy: 1. design capabilities; 2. the nesting environment; 3. durability 4. cost effectiveness, and 5. Improve aesthetic qualities.

SCIENCE IN MATERIAL SELECTION The use of ¼” plywood material was recommended. This led to studies to ascertain and justify plywood capabilities to meet the design standards.

SCIENCE IN MATERIAL SELECTION The research reveal that plywood choice for nesting units are of 2 categories: High-hazard interior (warm and damp) Low-hazard exterior (dry conditions)

SCIENCE IN MATERIAL SELECTION The plies are glued with synthetic resin, making a very strong composite material, The grain of each ply is positioned at ninety degrees to the pieces of ply above and below it, It is less likely to warp or split. (Ryan, 2010).

SCIENCE IN MATERIAL SELECTION The cross laminated construction of plywood ensures that plywood sheets remain relatively stable under changes of temperature and moisture.

SCIENCE IN MATERIAL SELECTION It has high strength and stiffness to weight ratios, Has been proven to be very cost effective to use for structural applications. It does not corrode. (Wood Solutions, 2013).

SCIENCE IN MATERIAL SELECTION The selection of fasteners such as brad nails and synthetic resin were used to connect the pieces. Brad nail is useful for attaching thin strips of wood. Smaller gauge nail produces less splitting.

SCIENCE IN MATERIAL SELECTION Properties of synthetic resin are: High bond strength Water-resistant bonding Heat resistance Transparent glue joint Resistant to ageing

TECHNOLOGY AS A PROCESS According to Khemani (2008), putting your vision in an actual design requires the incorporation of technology - application of design principles.

TECHNOLOGY AS A PROCESS Technology is the purposeful application of information in the: design, production, utilization of goods and services and the organization of human activities.

TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS CHART

TECHNOLOGY AS A PROCESS The tools used in the design phase of the project include but are not limited to CAD) & Sketchup software.

TECHNOLOGY IN DESIGN In product and industrial design, CAD is used mainly for the creation of detailed 3D solid or surface models, or 2D vector-based drawings of physical components.

TECHNOLOGY IN DESIGN CAD is also used throughout the engineering process from conceptual design and layout of products, through to strength and dynamic analysis of assemblies. ( Siemens Product Lifecycle Management Software Inc., 2014 ).

TECHNOLOGY IN DESIGN In relation to 3D rendering, both Watson (2011) and Bacus (2013) agree that Google SketchUp provides the platform to easily create 3D models.

TECHNOLOGY IN DESIGN FINCH - MULTIVIEW DRAWING & MODEL

TECHNOLOGY IN DESIGN BUDGIE - MULTIVIEW DRAWING & MODEL

TECHNOLOGY IN DESIGN LOVEBIRD - MULTIVIEW DRAWING & MODEL

TECHNOLOGY IN DESIGN

ENGINEERING IN FABRICATION The use of synthetic resin (ponal) as an additional fastener was incorporated to improve the strength of the joint for the parts of the nesting unit.

PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT Cutting Shaping Assembling Finishing Quality inspection

In order to achieve a level of efficiency in mass production, special templates/jigs were built and installed on selected machines to enable: cutting of parts boring of entrance and pin holes shaping the sides of members and producing dowels. ENGINEERING IN FABRICATION

Special template were also used to aid in the assembling of the units. Other means are being explored to: find even more efficient ways to: save on production time, and energy utilization. ENGINEERING IN FABRICATION

CUTTING Cutting procedureShaping of Nesting unit parts

SHAPING Shaping of dowels

ASSEMBLING Parts for assembly

ASSEMBLING Attaching parts

FINISHING SandingAttaching Screw hooks

QUALITY INSPECTION Inspection of boxes End product

CREATIVITY through RECYCLING Lean manufacturing techniques were used to minimize material waste. Recycling waste from Storage bins also reduces cost.

APPLICATION OF MATHEMATICS IN DESIGN FOR FABRICATION The number of units that could be produced from each plywood sheet was calculated using the area method: Steps: 1. Calculate area for 1 sheet of ply. 2. Calculate the total area of parts for a single nesting unit, and 3. Divide the area of the plysheet by the area of the nesting unit.

MATHEMATICS IN DESIGN AND FABRICATION EXAMPLE: 1. Given that the area of a sheet of Ply of length 2400 mm x width 1200 mm is = 2,880,000 mm 2 (thickness is standard) 2. and the combined/total area for all the parts of a Finch box is = 56,875 mm 2 3. Therefore, total number of finch boxes = 2,880,000 mm 2 ÷ 56,875 mm 2 = 50.6 Units

Nesting units created since November 2011 – 2015 MATHEMATICS - Graphs

MATHEMATICS IN COSTING The total number of nesting units created since November 2011 – 2015 is 1810 units combined.

MATHEMATICS IN COSTING

Benefits of STEM STEM may be considered as a prime vehicle to foster Innovation and Creativity in intellectual thought This will ensure that students gain the requisite skills to function effectively in the global marketplace.

Benefits of STEM In the Utech context: The STEM approach assures skill development of learners through the systematic method employed. Learners will be more exposed to the manufacturing industry standards and not just teacher training methodology. This would mean that TVET institutions should focus on production-based training.

Benefits of STEM In the Utech context: It provides additional funds to purchase small tools and equipment for the construction laboratory. It provides students with a stipend (to assist with lunch, stationary items etc. and assistance with their school tuition.

REFERENCE Bacus J, SketchUp Team (2013). Introducing SketchUp Make [Internet]. Retrieved from make.html [Accessed 11 th April 2014]. make.html Environment Protection Authority, (2012). Recycle Wood Pallets and Save [Internet]. Available at [Accessed 21st April 2014]. Fitzgerald V, (2014, April 10). Lean and information technology: finding the right balance. Lean Management Journal, Pp. A. Fix-it Club, (1998). Plywood [Internet]. Retrieved from [Accessed 15th April 2014].

REFERENCE McGivern, H. M and Stiber A, (2013). Lean Manufacturing Techniques. Development Dimensions International [Article]. Retrieved from papers/leanmanufacturingtechniques_wp_ddi.pdf?ext=.pdf [9 th March 2014] papers/leanmanufacturingtechniques_wp_ddi.pdf?ext=.pdf JU Flooring, (2009). What Is Recycled Timber And Why Should I Use It? [Internet]. Available at and-why-should-i-use-it/ [Accessed 21 st April 2014].What Is Recycled Timber And Why Should I Use It? and-why-should-i-use-it/ Khemani H, (2008). Benefits of using the CAD Software [Internet]. Retrieved from reviews-tips/17593-benefits-of-using-the-cad-software/ [Accessed 27 th March 2014]. reviews-tips/17593-benefits-of-using-the-cad-software/ Marais L. and Botes L, (2006). Income generation, local economic development and community development: paying the price for lacking business skills? Oxford Journals. Volume 42, Issue 3 Pp MaraisBotesVolume 42, Issue 3

REFERENCE Ryan V, (2010). Plywood [Internet]. Retrieved from [Accessed 15th April 2014]. Siemens Product Lifecycle Management Software Inc., (2014). CAD / Computer- Aided Design [Internet]. Retrieved from [Accessed 10th April 2014]. Watson A, (2011). SketchUp [Article]. Retrieved from [9th May 2014] West P, (2013, April 7). Cultivating A National Agenda In STEM: Jamaica Gleaner, Pp. 2A. WoodSolutions, (2013). Plywood [Internet]. Retrieved from [Accessed 10th April 2014].

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