curriculum in natural environmental science, vol. 2, 2010 Public participation and market-based instruments for water protection Case study: Survey of industrial enterprises in Bulgaria Milkana Mochurova Institute of Economics - Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria

Contents IWRM concept and selected policy instruments Survey of industrial enterprises in Bulgaria  the role of public participation  market-based instruments Proposals to national water resources policy

Integrated water resources management The concept of integration:  natural system  human system The Water Framework Directive  integrates economics into water management  public participation

Requirements of WFD for public participation Source: European Communities, 2003b

Location of the case study Bulgaria in South East Europe

Survey of industrial enterprises Methods –Focus group discussions, in-depth interviews - May 2005 –Questionnaires - 92 companies, Sept – Jan. 2006, processed with SPSS Topics –Awareness of the IWRM, WFD, Bulgarian legislation –Notions about participating in water management –Attitude towards MBIs Respondents –Companies generating waste water, more than half of them – in the manufacturing sector, have above 250 employees, ISO certified

Round table discussions and trainings of industrial enterprises Trainings and study visit to Sofia waste water treatment plant Trainers from Global Water Partnership Bulgaria and Solidarity Water Europe, France Project funded by Phare programme and implemented by Centre for Comparative Studies

Selected results Are you familiar with the WFD? Do you know that according to the WFD a RBMP will be developed? Is it expedient to participate in the development of a long-term RBMP?

Does the company participate in any consulting body? If not, why? % (multiple response) Have you ever participated in partnership projects? Yes – 22.4% No – 77.6% Main obstacles to participation of the industry in decision-making processes (multiple response) If not, why? (multiple response)

Relationships: MBIs and information instruments (chi sq. test) Variables Participation in bas. council Train– ings Degree of awareness Legislation WFD principles RBMP Charges for water abstraction Charges for discharging waste water Non-compliance fees for polluting above the limits ** Fines for infringing the legislation ** Tax concessions **** Subsidies and soft loans * Prices of public water supply and sewerage services ** The level of statistical significance: ***  < 0,01; **  < 0,05; *  < 0,10

Summary and conclusions Attitude of company managers IWRM – problem: no long-term vision circumventing regulations Weak participation in consulting bodies, lack of partnerships Ineffective economic incentives Challenges to IWRM implementation effective participation of all reinforcement of MBIs capacity building, networking

References Global Water Partnership (GWP), 2000, Technical Advisory Committee, Integrated Water Resources Management, Stockholm, European Communities, 2003a, Common Implementation Strategy for the Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC) Guidance Document No 1, Economics and the environment – the implementation challenge of the Water Framework Directive Working Group 2.6 WATECO European Communities, 2003b, Common Implementation Strategy for the Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC) Guidance Document No 8, Public Participation in relation to the WFD Lanz, K., S. Scheuer, 2001, EEB Handbook on EU Water Policy under the Water Framework Directive, European Environmental Bureau, Mochurova, M Implementation of EU Water Framework Directive in Bulgaria: Industrial enterprises and public participation as a challenge to implement the EU Water Framework Directive in Bulgaria, case # Global Water Partnership ToolBox Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM), Stockholm, Mochurova, M., Market-based instruments for the protection of water resources in Bulgaria, Economic Studies Journal, 3/ 2008, p.112 – 147 (in Bulgarian with English summary) National Statistical Institute of the Republic of Bulgaria, 2008, Environment 2006, Sofia