 The Development of the European Union Iryna Basova Jillian Dowd Ruikang Wang

Outline I. Introduction II. Importance III. Development of the EU: from the EC to the EU (50’s to nowadays) IV. Conclusion V. Bibliography

The European Union  The European Union is:  a political and economic union, which includes 28 European countries  one of the largest market in the world  is founded on the values of respect for human dignity, freedom, democracy, equality, the rule of law and respect for human rights, including the rights of persons belonging to minorities. These values are common to the Member States in a society in which pluralism, non- discrimination, tolerance, justice, solidarity and equality between women and men prevail  has a long stage of formation and development

Importance  European Union is one of the most powerful authority in the world, which concerns all areas of our life. The creation of European Union was the result of many years cooperation of countries, which was aimed at prevention war, maintaining peace and security as well as sustainable development and prosperity. Political integration was preceded economic cooperation of the countries, which emerged long before the creation of the EU. In order to understand better peculiarities, advantages and disadvantages, as well as perspectives of the EU it is necessary to know how, when and why it was established

The Development of the EU  The European Coal and Steel Community  Established in 1951 and was entered into force on 23 July, 1952  6 Member Countries  Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, and Luxemburg  Goals  Establish a common market  Economic Expansion  Raise standards of living

The Development of the EU  The European Economic Community  Treaty of Rome: March, 1957; entered into force 1 January, 1958  Goals:  To transform the conditions of trade and manufactured good on the territory of the community  To construct a political Europe and take steps to unify Europe.

The Development of the EU  European Atom Energy Community (Euratom)  Treaty of Rome: March, 1957; entered into force 1 January, 1958  Goals  to contribute to the formation and development of Europe's nuclear industries  to guarantee high safety standards for the public and prevents nuclear materials intended principally for civilian use from being diverted to military use.

The Development of the EU  European Communities  Creation of a single institution of the European Communities  Merger Treaty - Brussels Treaty was signed on 8 April 1965, entered into force on 1 July 1967  Single Market establishment and institution reform  Single European Act was signed on 17 February 1986 (Luxembourg)/28 February 1986 (The Hague), entered into force: 1 July 1987

The Development of the EU  European Union  Grounds:  Treaty on European Union - Maastricht Treaty from 7 February 1992 (entered into force: 1 November 1993).  Treaty of Amsterdam from 2 October 1997 (entered into force: 1 May 1999).  Treaty of Nice 26 February 2001 (entered into force:1 February 2003).  The Treaty establishing a constitution for Europe 29 October  Treaty of Lisbon from 13 December 2007 (entered into force: 1 December 2009).

The Development of the EU  European Union  The Goals of the EU:

The Development of the EU  Goals of the EU: continued 6. To combat social exclusion and discrimination, and shall promote social justice and protection, equality between women and men, solidarity between generations and protection of the rights of the child. 7. To promote economic, social and territorial cohesion, and solidarity among Member States. It shall respect its rich cultural and linguistic diversity, and shall ensure that Europe’s cultural heritage is safeguarded and enhanced. 8. To establish an economic and monetary union whose currency is the euro. 9. To uphold and promote its values and interests and contribute to the protection of its citizens. 10.To contribute to peace, security, the sustainable development of the Earth, solidarity and mutual respect among peoples, free and fair trade, eradication of poverty and the protection of human rights, in particular the rights of the child, as well as to the strict observance and the development of international law, including respect for the principles of the United Nations Charter.

The Development of the EU  European Union  The Three Pillars of the EU:  1. The European Communities  2. Common foreign and security policy  3. Police and judicial cooperation The three pillars structure of the EU was abolished by the Treaty of Lisbon.

The Development of the EU  European Union  Competences according to the Treaty on the functioning of the EU:  1. Exclusive Competences.  2. Shared Competences.  3. Supporting Competences.  4. Special Competences.

The Development of the EU  European Union  Main Principles:  Principle of Conferral.  Principle of Subsidiarity.  Principle of Proportionality.

Discussion Points  European Union as a result of economic and political cooperation of the countries after the World War 2.  The EU can be as strong as its members let it be! What is the effect of the EU on its members?  Balanced competences between EU and member states and the extent of the powers of the EU and the member states?  The ability of the EU to achieve its goals and to solve problems (for example, the Debt Crisis).

Conclusion  The European Union consists of 28 members, and sets of political and economic entities that have an important influence on regional organizations. The goal of the EU is to establish borders, strengthen economic and social development, and unify currency to balance an economic and social development.  The EU started off as the European Coal and Steel Community, The European Economic Community and the European Atomic Energy Community. Those 3 organizations were the part of the European Community after the Merger Treaty in  The EC continued to be a part of the EU until 2009 when it was abolished by the Lisbon treaty  Nowadays the EU is huge political and economic union with modern institutions, working methods through which today's challenges (such as globalization, climatic and demographic changes, security and energy etc.) can be solved effectively and efficiently.

Conclusion  All powers still remain to the EU member states but not directly handed to the European Union. The EU has many exclusive competences in some areas. The areas that the EU has competences in are the areas in which the member states rarely have renounced any capacity to enact legislation. In the others areas both the EU and the member states share the competence to legislate. Although both can legislate, member states can only legislate to the extent which the EU has not. In other areas the EU can only co-ordinate, support and supplement member state action but can’t enact legislation with the aim of harmonizing national laws.

Bibliography  51_treaty_establishing_ceca.pdf 51_treaty_establishing_ceca.pdf        

 Thank you for your attention. Please feel free to ask any questions that you may have.