High School-Level Manufacturing Education Shared Experiences and Future Directions for Georgia Ben Kraft PhD Student in City and Regional Planning Georgia Institute of Technology STIP Internship Readout 8/21/14 Photo: Hawthorne School of Manufacturing and Engineering

Context and Contribution of Research  The retirement of an older manufacturing workforce is expected to deepen the skills gap.  Emphasis on training has been at the post-secondary level.  Starting earlier can benefit students and the workforce. What can we learn from high school programs in other states to enhance Georgia’s skill base?

Career and Technical Education (CTE)  Is the contemporary equivalent of “vocational education”  Stresses  The development of career-oriented AND academic skills  Career exploration  Equal viability of various post-high school options  Contextual, project-based, and work-based learning  In a controlled quasi-experimental study, graduates of career academies demonstrated $2,000/year in additional earnings over their counterparts. * *Kemple, James J. 2008, “Career Academies: Long-Term Impacts on Labor Market Outcomes, Educational Attainment, and Transitions to Adulthood.”

CTE in Georgia  Nationwide, 4.2% of CTE students concentrate in manufacturing.  In Georgia, only 1.3% do. Source: Perkins Collaborative Resource Network, US Department of Education, school year

CTE Delivery FormatDescriptionConsiderations Traditional model* Comprehensive High School or Technical/Vocational High School Can emphasize or de- emphasize academics. Vocational schools may have stigma. Integrated model* Career Academy or Area Career Center Similar to a college “major”; Creates small learning communities, can be resource intensive or efficient, depending on model ApprenticeshipPaid, “on-the-job” training combined with academics at home high school Less flexible, requires significant industry involvement *These categories are based on four models defined by the Association of Career and Technical Education, but have been consolidated for the purposes of this presentation.

Characteristics of Selected Manufacturing CTE Programs SchoolLocationGeographyDelivery ModelPrograms OfferedRecognition Francis Tuttle Technology Center Oklahoma City, OK SuburbanIntegrated - Area Career Center Advanced Manufacturing, Precision Machining Partnership Response in Mfg Education (PRIME), Manufacturing Institute’s M-List Hawthorne High School – School of Manufacturing and Engineering Hawthorne, CA (LA area) UrbanIntegrated - Career Academy General Manufacturing and Engineering PRIME Austin Polytechnical Academy Chicago, ILUrbanTraditional - Technical/Vocatio nal High School General Manufacturing Numerous news and trade publications Eleva-Strum High School – Cardinal Manufacturing Strum, WIRuralTraditional - Comprehensive High School Woodworking, CAD/CAM, Metalworking, Cardinal Manufacturing Association for Career and Technical Education (ACTE), Modern Machine Shop Aiken Career and Technology Center – MTU Apprenticeship Aiken/Gran iteville, SC Rural, Suburban, Small City ApprenticeshipIndustrial Mechanic Basic ACTE, New York Times, White House Sources: Interviews with representatives from schools, schools’ websites, association websites, and listed publications.

Francis Tuttle Technology Center  One of three campuses  Unique statewide funding system – self-assessed property tax  Classes include high school and adult learners  Invites employers to campus for interviews  Average starting salary for advanced manufacturing students: $20/hr Location: OKLAHOMA CITY, OK Delivery Model: INTEGRATED – AREA CAREER CENTER Data source: Interview with Campus Director, Portland Campus, Francis Tuttle Technology Center

Hawthorne High School – School of Manufacturing and Engineering  Make location an asset  Small classes – 80 per grade level  Extensive outreach efforts include  Visiting elementary and middle schools (with alums and employers)  Taking parents on field trips  Highlighting successful First Robotics team  98.9% graduation rate Location: HAWTHORNE, CA (SOUTH LOS ANGELES AREA) Delivery Model: INTEGRATED – CAREER ACADEMY Data source: Interview with Coordinator of Hawthorne School of Manufacturing and Engineering and school website

Austin Polytechnical Academy  Thoroughly planned and researched  Intended to fill workforce and community needs  Joint effort between Manufacturing Renaissance and Chicago Public Schools  Outcomes  158 students have earned 237 National Institute of for Metalworking skills certifications  28 full time job placements since 2011  174 paid internships Location: CHICAGO, IL Delivery Model: TRADITIONAL – VOCATIONAL SCHOOL Data source: Interview with Program Director of Manufacturing Renaissance and school website

Cardinal Manufacturing at Eleva- Strum High School  Commercial manufacturing business for small, custom jobs  Students learn business and other soft-skills.  Profits go to program upgrades and to students.  Cardinal Manufacturing has respect and status. Location: STRUM, WI Delivery Model: TRADITIONAL – COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL Data source: Interview with Technology Education Teacher at Eleva-Strum and school website

Aiken County Career and Technology Center – Apprenticeship Program  Partnered with MTU, a Germany- headquartered diesel engine manufacturer  Average age of apprentice in US is 30.  Apprenticeship requires 1000 hours of paid, supervised work, mostly during summer  3 of original 6 students set to graduate in  16 to 18 year-olds can work in manufacturing facilities. Location: AIKEN, SC Delivery Model: APPRENTICESHIP Data source: Interview with CTE Director and Principal of Aiken County Career and Technology Center

Shared Experiences and Future Directions 1. Create small learning communities. 2.Seek non-traditional funding sources. 3. Partner with industry and industrial advocacy groups. 4.Recognize that high school students are not too young to receive on-the-job training in the form of internships or apprenticeships. 5.Reach out to younger students and parents. Student employees at Cardinal Manufacturing