McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Multicasting And Multicast Routing Protocols
McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION MULTICAST ROUTING MULTICAST TREES MULTICAST ROUTING PROTOCOLS DVMRP MOSPF CBT PIM MBONE
McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 INTRODUCTION 14.1
McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Figure 14-1 Unicasting
McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 In unicast routing, the router forwards the received packet through only one of its interfaces.
McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Figure 14-2 Multicasting
McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 In multicast routing, the router may forward the received packet through several of its interfaces.
McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Figure 14-3:a Multicasting versus multiple unicasting
McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Figure 14-3:b Multicasting versus multiple unicasting
McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Emulation of multicasting through multiple unicasting is not efficient and may create long delays, particularly with a large group.
McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 MULTICAST ROUTING 14.2
McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 MULTICAST TREES 14.3
McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 In a source-based tree approach, the combination of source and group determines the tree.
McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 In the group-shared tree approach, the group determines the tree.
McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 MULTICAST ROUTING PROTOCOLS 14.4
McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Figure 14-4 Multicast routing protocols
McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 DVMRP 14.5
McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Figure 14-5 Reverse path forwarding
McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 In reverse path forwarding (RPF), the router forwards only the packets that have traveled the shortest path from the source to the router; all other copies are discarded.
McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 RPF prevents the formation of loops.
McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Figure 14-6 Reverse path broadcasting
McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Figure 14-7 RPF versus RPB
McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 RPB creates a shortest path broadcast tree from the source to each destination. It guarantees that each destination receives one and only one copy of the packet.
McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Figure 14-8 RPF, RPB, and RPM
McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 RPM adds pruning and grafting to RPB to create a multicast shortest path tree that supports dynamic membership changes.
McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 MOSPF 14.6
McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Figure 14-9 Unicast tree and multicast tree
McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 CBT 14.7
McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Figure Shared-group tree with rendezvous router
McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Figure Sending a multicast packet to the rendezvous router
McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 In CBT, the source sends the multicast packet (encapsulated in a unicast packet) to the core router. The core router decapsulates the packet and forwards it to all interested hosts.
McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 PIM 14.8
McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 PIM-DM is used in a dense multicast environment, such as a LAN environment.
McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 PIM-DM uses RPF and pruning/grafting strategies to handle multicasting. However, it is independent from the underlying unicast protocol.
McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 PIM-SM is used in a sparse multicast environment such as a WAN.
McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 PIM-SM is similar to CBT but uses a simpler procedure.
McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 MBONE 14.9
McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Figure Logical tunneling
McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Figure MBONE
McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 DVMRP supports MBONE