Regardless of their theoretical orientation, therapists agree that self-awareness is the key to overcoming psychological. True False

Most people who suffer psychological problems become worse without therapy. True False

The most effective treatment for alcohol dependence is to associate alcoholic drinks with a nausea-producing drug. True False

Daily exposure to bright light successfully counteracts winter depression. True False

The various therapies are so different that it is impossible to find any commonalities. True False

The training and experience of the therapist are crucial factors in determining therapeutic success. True False

The use of drugs has liberated hundreds of thousands of people with severe psychological disorders from hospital confinement. True False

Many people have found relief from bipolar mood swings with a daily dose of a cheap salt. True False

Electroconvulsive therapy is no longer used in the treatment of psychological disorders. True False

Approaches to Psychology and Treatment

Behavioral Psychoanalytical Medical Cognitive Humanistic Biopsychological

Behavioral = Conditioning, + - reinforcement Psychoanalytical = unconscious mind, childhood Medical = Physical illness, drugs, surgery, etc. Cognitive = Thinking, beliefs, memory, or language Humanistic = Self-actualization and unique potential Biopsychological – genes, brain abnormalities, and neurotransmitters

Treatment of Psychological Disorders Opening Activity: Imagine that a good friend of yours has approached you about a problem he or she has developed recently. This friend describes several symptoms, including increased feelings of depression, crying spells, loss of interest in usual activities, and changes in sleep and eating patterns. Let’s assume you have asked enough questions to allow you to conclude that this person is clinically depressed. Your task is to assume the role of therapist and develop some possible interventions and therapies for your friend based on what you have learned this year. List your three ideas in your notebook.

Treatment of Psychological Disorders Share your three ideas with your group.

Treatment of Psychological Disorders Psychological Therapy Why do people enter therapy? Patient versus client distinction What are some common obstacle to entering therapy? Economic obstacles Ethnic background Gender Major in college

Treatment of Psychological Disorders Components of Therapy A relationship built on trust accurate diagnosis of the problem determining the problem's cause determining the likelihood of improvement carrying out treatment

Treatment of Psychological Disorders Who does therapy? Counseling psychologist = M.A.,M.S. or higher Clinical psychologist = Ph.D or Psy.D Psychoanalyst = Ph.D Psychiatrist = M.D. Paraprofessionals = Some college + certificate

Types of Therapists

Clinical psychologist Psychoanalyst Counseling psychologist Paraprofessionals Clinical psychologist Psychoanalyst Counseling psychologist Psychiatrist

Treatment of Psychological Disorders Who does therapy? Counseling psychologist = M.A.,M.S. or higher Clinical psychologist = Ph.D or Psy.D Psychoanalyst = Ph.D Psychiatrist = M.D. Paraprofessionals = Some college + certificate Which type of therapist would most interest you as a career? Give two reasons to justify your answer.

Treatment of Psychological Disorders Modern Approaches to Therapy Psychological therapies Insight therapies Behavior therapies Biomedical therapies

Treatment of Psychological Disorders The History of Therapy

Treatment of Psychological Disorders The History of Therapy

Checking for Understanding List three things you learned today in your notebook.

Treatment of Psychological Disorders The New Asylums

Treatment of Psychological Disorders Group Presentations: Freudian Psychoanalysis Neo-Freudian Psychodynamic Therapies Humanistic Therapies Cognitive Therapies Group Therapies Classical Conditioning Therapies Operant Conditioning Therapies Participant Modeling Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

Treatment of Psychological Disorders Group Presentations: Freudian Psychoanalysis Neo-Freudian Psychodynamic Therapies Humanistic Therapies Cognitive Therapies Group Therapies Classical Conditioning Therapies Operant Conditioning Therapies Participant Modeling Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

Treatment of Psychological Disorders Freudian psychoanalysis Unresolved childhood traumas and inner conflicts Free association Transference

Treatment of Psychological Disorders Humanistic therapies Self-esteem Importance of empathy Active listening Clients heal themselves Carl Rogers Positive self-regard Client-centered therapy Unconditional positive regard

Treatment of Psychological Disorders Empathy Activity It’s really hard for you to get started talking. Decision making just seems impossible to you. You want marriage, but it doesn’t seem to you to be much of a possibility. You feel yourself brimming over with feelings reminiscent of your childhood. Being very nice to children has somehow had meaning for you.

Treatment of Psychological Disorders Cognitive therapies Challenge unrealistic, unjustified assumptions and beliefs Aaron Beck and depression Negative self-talk

Cognitive Therapies

________ focuses on communicating and verbalizing emotions and motives to understand one’s problems. Behavioral therapy Cognitive therapy Insight therapy Rational-emotive therapy Humanistic therapy

A support group would be most likely to be useful in… Managing crises such as divorce or the death of a child Treating addictions such as alchohol or gambling Coping with mental and physical disorders Helping relatives or friends of addicts cope with associated stresses. All of the above are correct

The process of __________ refers to the situation in which a patient's feelings for their therapists reflect relationship with their parents. Catharsis Transference Free association Insight therapy Systematic Desensitization

___________ therapies are focused on the client's self-concept, values, and needs. Social Systematic Behavioral Humanistic Biomedical

Matt is seeking help from Dr. Blazer. Dr Matt is seeking help from Dr. Blazer. Dr. Blazer’s therapy for Matt helps to bring unconscious conflicts to conscious awareness so that Matt gains insight into his thoughts and behaviors. Dr. Blazer is practicing _________ therapy. Biomedical RET Psychoanalytic Group Cognitive-Behavioral

An advantage of ____________ is that such therapy reassures people they are not alone in having a specific problem. Psychoanalysis Self-therapy ECT Token economies Group therapy

The _______ approach to therapy would be most useful in aiding a person to change her belief that her life will never get better. Biomedical Cognitive Psychoanalytic Contingency management Aversion

According to humanistic therapy, who has the ability to heal clients? Loving friends A good therapist Drug therapy Themselves Clients’ close family members

Treatment of Psychological Disorders Behavioral therapies Normal and abnormal behaviors are learned Changing the patients responses Often focus on treating bad habits, phobias, and anxiety

Treatment of Psychological Disorders Systematic desensitization therapy Developed anxiety hierarchy

Treatment of Psychological Disorders Systematic desensitization therapy Developed anxiety hierarchy Practice Relaxation Associate relaxation wht anxiety

Treatment of Psychological Disorders Aversion therapy Bad habits (i.e. nail biting) Smoking and drinking

Treatment of Psychological Disorders Operant conditioning therapies Contingency management Token economy

Treatment of Psychological Disorders Observation-learning therapy Participant modeling Symbolic modeling

Treatment of Psychological Disorders Cognitive-behavioral therapy Rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT) Albert Ellis Challenging the “shoulds” and “oughts” “I should always succeed” “I should always receive approval” “I ought to be always treated fairly” “I ought to exercise every day”

Treatment of Psychological Disorders Review Activity – Vocabulary Participant modeling Token economy Systematic desensitization Aversion therapy Contingency management

Treatment of Psychological Disorders Hans Eysenck’s controversial proclamation 2/3 of people recover without psychotherapy

Treatment of Psychological Disorders Effective therapies Behavior therapy for specific phobias, autism, and alcoholism Cognitive-behavioral therapy for chronic pain, eating disorders, and depression Insight therapy for relationship problems

Treatment of Psychological Disorders Drug therapy and psychopharmacology

Treatment of Psychological Disorders Antipsychotic drugs “tranquilizers” Reduce the activity of dopamine Chlorpromazine (Thorazine) Haloperidol (Haldol) Clozapine (Clozaril) Negative side effects Tardive dyskinesia Bone marrow dysfunction Video clip: The Brain (28)

Treatment of Psychological Disorders Antidepressant drugs Tricyclic compounds SSRIs (selective Serotonin reuptake inhibitors) Fluoxetine or Prozac Prevent the reuptake of serotonin

Treatment of Psychological Disorders Controversy Over prescription Suicidal thoughts

Treatment of Psychological Disorders Mood stabilizers Treatment of bipolar disorder Lithium carbonate Antianxiety drugs Barbiturates Benzodiazepines “minor tranquilizers” Increase the neurotransmitter GABA Concerns with treatment

Treatment of Psychological Disorders Psychosurgery Prefrontal lobotomy Split brain operation

Treatment of Psychological Disorders Brain-stimulation therapies Electroconvulsive therapy

Video clip: The Mind (34)

Treatment of Psychological Disorders Brain-stimulation therapies Electroconvulsive therapy Transcranial magnetic stimulation

Treatment of Psychological Disorders Reflection: If a friend asked, how would you summarize the available biomedical therapies?